Aquatic hyphomycetes in a changing environment

Bärlocher, Feli×

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2015.05.005

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Therefore, high activity by the few aquatic hyphomycetes might explain the high leaf mass loss in low-flow conditions in our experiment. Nevertheless, not even RNA sequencing indicates which ecological functions are being performed or which taxa contribute most to the breakdown process (Bärlocher 2016). More research on the functional roles of fungal taxa of different origin is clearly needed, but our results do suggest that terrestrial fungi may also contribute to leaf decomposition in the aquatic environment (see also Clivot et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sediments and flow have mainly independent effects on multitrophic stream communities and ecosystem functions

Mustonen

Mykrä

Louhi

et al. 2016

Ecological Applications

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Stream ecosystems are affected by multiple abiotic stressors, and species responses to simultaneous stressors may differ from those predicted based on single-stressor responses. Using 12 semi-natural stream channels, we examined the individual and interactive effects of flow level (low or high flow) and addition of fine sediments (grain size <2 mm) on key ecosystem processes (leaf breakdown, algal biomass accrual) and benthic macroinvertebrate and fungal communities. Both stressors had mostly independent effects on biological responses, with sand addition being the more influential of the two. Sand addition decreased algal biomass and microbe-mediated leaf breakdown significantly, whereas invertebrate shredder-mediated breakdown only responded to flow level. Macroinvertebrate community composition responded significantly to both stressors. Fungal biomass decreased and shredder abundance increased when sand was added; thus, organisms at different trophic levels can exhibit highly variable responses to the same stressor. Terrestrial endophytic fungi were abundant in low-flow flumes where leaf mass loss was also highest, indicating that terrestrial endophytes may contribute importantly to leaf decomposition in the aquatic environment. Leaf breakdown rates depended on the identity and abundance of the dominant decomposer species, suggesting that the effects of anthropogenic activities on ecosystem processes may be driven by changes in the abundance of a few key species. The few observed interactive effects were all antagonistic (i.e., less than the sum of the individual effects); for example, increased flow stimulated algal biomass accumulation but this effect was largely cancelled by sand. While our finding that sand and stream flow did not have strong synergistic effects can be considered reassuring for management, future experiments should manipulate these and other human stressors in experiments that run for much longer periods, thus focusing on the long-term impacts of multiple simultaneously operating stressors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sediments and flow have mainly independent effects on multitrophic stream communities and ecosystem functions

Mustonen

Mykrä

Louhi

et al. 2016

Ecological Applications

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“…Although temperature changes are less severe in aquatic habitats due to water's thermal properties (Bärlocher & Boddy 2016), temperate streams are particularly affected influencing fungal attachment and colonisation rates, as well as metabolism, growth and reproduction (Canhoto et al 2016). Alterations in the rates of these key lifecycle stages may affect community composition, diversity and activity (Hyde et al 2016) which will have indirect effects on aquatic ecosystems due to the role of fungi in decomposition of organic matter and mediation of nutrient cycling and energy flow through aquatic food webs (Bärlocher 2016b, Kuehn 2016. Other anthropogenic stressors of aquatic habitats such as decreased dissolved O2 (Kuehn 2016), pollution (Tsui et al 2001), acidification and physical disturbance (Hyde et al 2016) may interact with temperature stress amplifying the negative effects (Kuehn 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and community composition of aquatic ascomycetes varies between freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats in western Scotland

Friggens¹

2017

Mycosphere

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Aquatic ascomycetes occur in freshwater and marine environments where they facilitate nutrient cycling and energy flow through the water column, and are the foundations of aquatic food webs. This study investigates the diversity and abundance of aquatic ascomycetes on submerged wood in freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats in north-west Scotland. The fresh water habitat exhibits lowest temperature and salinity with an increasing gradient through the estuarine and marine habitats. Morphological identification and molecular analysis were used to identify taxa. A detailed description is given for Sporoschisma juvenile and Chalara anamorph of Calycina parilis and their phylogenetic placement is discussed based on their morphological variability and both ITS and LSU rDNA. Diversity of aquatic ascomycete taxa decreased along temperature and salinity gradients, being lowest in the estuarine and marine habitats. The composition of fungal communities varied between the three sampled habitats with some taxa common to all three and others exclusive to one habitat. A wide range of biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors affect aquatic fungal diversity. It is therefore important to improve our understanding of these effects on aquatic fungal diversity to successfully conserve aquatic ecosystems in light of changing global environments.

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“…For example, white rot fungi (capable of degrading significant amounts of lignin) are found primarily, but not exclusively, in Agaricomycetes in the Basidiomycota where they are widespread, whereas brown rot fungi (capable of degrading select carbohydrates, with minimal lignin removal) are restricted to certain clades within Agaricomycetes and Dacrymycetes (Gilbertson, 1980). Leaf-litter decomposing fungi come from similar phylogenetic lineages as those that decay deadwood (Osono, 2007;Talbot et al, 2015), a trend that holds for terrestrial and aquatic species (Bärlocher, 2016), but soil saprotrophs are found within all major lineages of fungi, including early diverging lineages, as well as Dikarya.…”

Section: (3) Saprotrophsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal functional ecology: bringing a trait‐based approach to plant‐associated fungi

et al. 2019

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Fungi play many essential roles in ecosystems. They facilitate plant access to nutrients and water, serve as decay agents that cycle carbon and nutrients through the soil, water and atmosphere, and are major regulators of macro‐organismal populations. Although technological advances are improving the detection and identification of fungi, there still exist key gaps in our ecological knowledge of this kingdom, especially related to function. Trait‐based approaches have been instrumental in strengthening our understanding of plant functional ecology and, as such, provide excellent models for deepening our understanding of fungal functional ecology in ways that complement insights gained from traditional and ‐omics‐based techniques. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of fungal functional ecology, taxonomy and systematics and introduce a novel database of fungal functional traits (FunFun). FunFun is built to interface with other databases to explore and predict how fungal functional diversity varies by taxonomy, guild, and other evolutionary or ecological grouping variables. To highlight how a quantitative trait‐based approach can provide new insights, we describe multiple targeted examples and end by suggesting next steps in the rapidly growing field of fungal functional ecology.

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Aquatic hyphomycetes in a changing environment

Cited by 58 publications

References 145 publications

Sediments and flow have mainly independent effects on multitrophic stream communities and ecosystem functions

Sediments and flow have mainly independent effects on multitrophic stream communities and ecosystem functions

Diversity and community composition of aquatic ascomycetes varies between freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats in western Scotland

Fungal functional ecology: bringing a trait‐based approach to plant‐associated fungi

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