Aquatic hazard assessment of MON 0818, a commercial mixture of alkylamine ethoxylates commonly used in glyphosate‐containing herbicide formulations. Part 2: Roles of sediment, temperature, and capacity for recovery following a pulsed exposure

Abstract

A series of toxicity tests with MON 0818, a commercial surfactant mixture of polyoxyethylene tallow amines, were performed: 1) in the presence of sediment for benthic invertebrates and fish: 2) to examine the recovery capacity of Daphnia magna and 4 primary producers after a pulsed (24-h) exposure; and 3) to examine the potential effect of increased water temperature on toxicity of MON 0818 to 2 cold-water fishes. In the presence of sediment, no acute (24-h) mortality was observed for 3 of the 5 species up to 10 mg L . The median effective concentrations for the other 2 species were significantly greater than for water only tests. The EC50 at 15 °C for Salvelinus alpinus was statistically lower than that at 10 °C. Latent effects of a 24-h exposure (1 mg L ) were observed for Rhabdocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris, as indicated by delayed growth during recovery phase; however, both cultures were able to recover, as indicated by a lack of changes in maximum absolute growth rates. No significant effects of a 24-h exposure to MON 0818 were observed for Oophila sp. (1.5 mg L ) or Lemna minor (100 mg L ). Latent mortality after a 24-h exposure to 5 mg L was observed during the recovery phase for D. magna; however, reproduction endpoints on surviving individuals were not altered. The results indicate that quick dissipation of MON 0818 in the presence of sediment can reduce the effects on exposed organisms, and that full recovery from 24-h exposures to concentrations of MON 0818 equal to, or greater than, those expected in the environment is possible. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:512-521. © 2016 SETAC.

Effects of the herbicide surfactant MON 0818 on oviposition and viability of eggs of the ramshorn snail (Planorbella pilsbryi)

“…The toxicity of MON 0818 to aquatic organisms has traditionally been assessed through exposure to nominal concentrations because of the absence of a robust analytical method to confirm concentrations of MON 0818 in environmental matrices . Before the recent studies done by Rodriguez‐Gil et al , only an investigation of the toxicity of MON 0818 to Daphnia magna had been accompanied by analytical confirmation of the exposure of organisms to MON 0818 . Few studies have examined the sensitivity of mollusks to MON 0818, and no studies have focused on gastropods.…”

Hormesis, the Individual and Combined Phytotoxicity of the Components of Glyphosate-Based Formulations on Algal Growth and Photosynthetic Activity

“…The surfactants applied in GBHs can modify the adsorption capacity of glyphosate, resulting in reduced physical adsorption of glyphosate on the surface of solid–liquid boundary phases (e.g., suspended particles in water samples) [ 140 ]. In addition, surfactants form micelles that help glyphosate stay in solution and provide protection against degradation [ 82 , 141 , 142 ]. In summary, the physico-chemical interactions between glyphosate and the additional ingredients are complex and can significantly influence the overall toxicity of GBHs.…”

“…wrightii ) in the presence of POEA [ 80 ]. The 72 h EC 50 values for POEA in P. subcapitata ranged from 0.2 to 4.9 mg/L [ 15 , 81 , 82 ]. The negligible aquatic toxicity of APGs was demonstrated on P. subcapitata [ 83 ], but the toxicity of APGs highly depends on the length of the of the carbon chain [ 84 , 85 ].…”

Spectators or participants: How can SETAC become more engaged in international climate change research programs?

“…Unfortunately, increasing temperature is but one of the suite of stressors that may result as global climate change continues to unfold [25]. Recent studies have explored the potential effects on organisms when exposures to chemicals and other stressors are combined, leading to both positive and negative effects in the study animals [26][27][28]. Recent studies have explored the potential effects on organisms when exposures to chemicals and other stressors are combined, leading to both positive and negative effects in the study animals [26][27][28].…”

“…Because there is uncertainty regarding the response of ecological receptors to the combined stressors of chemical contaminants and global climate change, at a minimum more basic research is needed to determine the tolerance and adaptability of threatened or commercially important species. Recent studies have explored the potential effects on organisms when exposures to chemicals and other stressors are combined, leading to both positive and negative effects in the study animals [26][27][28].…”