Aquatic grazers reduce the establishment and growth of riparian plants along an environmental gradient

Veen, G. F.; Sarneel, Judith M.; Ravensbergen, Lone; Huig, Naomi; Paassen, Jose van; Rip, Winnie; Bakker, Elisabeth S.

doi:10.1111/fwb.12168

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The main herbivores on submerged aquatic vascular plants are generalists such as waterfowl, crayfish and snails (Lodge et al 1998;Parker & Hay 2005;Wood et al 2016) and they strongly regulate plant abundance and ecosystem processes (Lodge et al 1998;Veen et al 2013;van der Wal et al 2013;Bakker et al 2016). Unsurprisingly therefore, consumers provide most biotic resistance to plant invasions in aquatic ecosystems (Kimbro, Cheng & Grosholz 2013;Alofs & Jackson 2014).…”

Section: S T U D Y S Y S T E Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant traits and plant biogeography control the biotic resistance provided by generalist herbivores

et al. 2017

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Summary1. Globalization and climate change trigger species invasions and range shifts, which reshuffle communities at an exceptional rate and expose plant migrants to unfamiliar herbivores. Dominant hypotheses to predict plant success are based on evolutionary novelty: either herbivores are maladapted to consume novel plants (enemy release hypothesis), or novel plants are maladapted to deter herbivores (biotic resistance hypothesis). Since novelty can work both ways, it fails to consistently predict when herbivores will consume novel over non-novel plants. Surprisingly, the value of using plant traits to predict herbivore consumption of novel plants remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that (i) plant traits explain generalist herbivore consumption rates of novel and non-novel plants, and (ii) any effect of novelty will be grounded in consistent trait differences between native and novel plants. Lastly, we expected to find (iii) differences in plant traits and plant consumption rates across latitude. 2. To test these hypotheses, we measured the consumption rate of plant species for a tropical and a temperate generalist herbivore in controlled feeding trials by offering them a large variety of 40 plant species from different geographical origins. Therefore, whether a plant was novel depended on the herbivore used, allowing us to disentangle plant identity from plant novelty. We also measured plant chemical traits and determined whether traits, geographical origin or novelty best explained herbivore consumption rates. 3. Both generalist herbivores consumed more of plants with a high nitrogen-to-phenolic compounds ratio, irrespective of the plant's novelty to the herbivore. A pattern of increasing plant's nitrogen-to-phenolics ratio with latitude could explain why both the tropical and temperate herbivore consumed more of plants from temperate regions. Plant novelty and its geographical origin no longer explained consumption rates once differences in nitrogen-to-phenolic compounds ratio were taken into account. 4. We show that differences in plant traits along a latitudinal cline determine herbivore consumption rates, irrespective of whether plants are novel or familiar. Therefore, we propose that integrating evolutionary novelty theory with plant traits and biogeography will increase our understanding of the consequences of plant species migration beyond biogeographical barriers.

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Section: S T U D Y S Y S T E Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant traits and plant biogeography control the biotic resistance provided by generalist herbivores

et al. 2017

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“…Further, the high variability of natural seedling numbers between 2013 and 2014 suggest that additional external factors, such as wave action or herbivory, may decouple the relationship between stranding and diversity (Sarneel & Soons ; Veen et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of riparian plants after restoration of geomorphic complexity in northern Sweden

Herberg

Sarneel

2017

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question: Restoration of channelized streams increases geomorphic complexity but it remains unclear how this interacts with processes that drive future vegetation changes (dispersal, germination and establishment). This study asks if increased geomorphic complexity increases recruitment conditions of sown seeds or affects post-dispersal natural seedling densities.Location: Vindel River catchment, northern Sweden. Methods:We selected seven study streams with paired reaches that differed in the degree to which geomorphic complexity was restored. Basic reaches used simple restoration methods while enhanced reaches additionally added large boulders and woody debris. We sowed seeds of six species at ten locations in each reach in 2014 and counted the number of seedlings after 8 wk and the number of naturally occurring seedlings in a plot adjacent to the sowing locations in 2013 and 2014. Using factor analysis based on 34 complexity measurements, overall geomorphic complexity was quantified for eight of the 14 reaches. Results: Total numbers of sown (2014) and natural seedlings (2013 and 2014)summed per reach did not differ between restoration types when tested pairwise. Enhanced restoration did not always significantly increase geomorphic complexity, which differed considerably between the streams. More complex reaches were steeper, had larger size sediment and more nutrient-poor soils. Total recruitment of sown species significantly decreased with increasing complexity. Numbers of natural seedlings differed considerably from 2013 to 2014, but were not related to complexity. In 2014, a potential parent plant of the same species occurred within the same plot for 71.8% of the natural seedlings that could be identified. Conclusions:The recruitment of sown seeds was affected by overall geomorphic complexity rather than by the enhanced restoration. The absence of a correlation between geomorphic complexity and natural seedlings could indicate that natural seedling dynamics are not solely determined by recruitment conditions, but also by dispersal.

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“…In the Netherlands, a study of eutrophic peaty lakes found that grazing by waterfowl greatly reduced macrophyte biomass (Haterd and Heerdt 2007); and in a wetlands study (Veen et al 2013), biomass of S. aloides decreased from 24.8 to 9.3 g (60%) in plots which were not enclosed, the damage to leaves and stems attributed primarily to the aquatic birds present in the studied plots, including ducks, swans and coots.…”

Section: Birds and Other Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Although the muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus L., and livestock, such as cattle and sheep, are believed to occasionally graze on S. aloides, the effects of such grazing are difficult to measure because of the presence of grazing aquatic birds (Veen et al 2013). …”

Section: Mammals Including Both Domestic and Wild Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 13. Stratiotes aloides L.

Snyder¹,

Francis

Darbyshire

2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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The freshwater aquatic plant species Stratiotes aloides (water soldier) is native to Europe and central Asia, where it occurs in seasonally pleustonic or submergent populations. It has been imported into and cultivated in Canada as an ornamental plant. Recently it has been found escaped or persisting at five locations in south-central Ontario. A large population has established in the Trent River where it was likely present for several years prior to its discovery in 2008. The tendency of S. aloides to form dense floating mats can alter aquatic communities through competition and allelopathy, and is likely to inhibit navigation and recreational activities in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence drainage system should it spread more widely in eastern North America. In Europe it is often abundant in ditches where it impedes flow and increases sedimentation. Moderate success at control has been achieved using herbicides (diquat) in the Trent River population, but manual removal has been inefficient. In spite of these control efforts, the plant is continuing to spread vegetatively downstream. An integrated management plan has been proposed to address its control by: (i) prevention of new introductions (pathway restriction); (ii) early detection and rapid response (newly established or found populations); and, (iii) eradication of known populations.Key words: Stratiotes aloides, water soldier, STTAL, Hydrocharitaceae, environmental weed, aquatic invasive plant.Résumé : Le faux aloès (Stratiotes aloides) est une plante aquatique d'eau douce originaire d'Europe et d'Asie centrale, où elle forme des peuplements pleustoniques ou immergés durant la belle saison. Importée et cultivée au Canada pour des raisons ornementales, on en a récemment retrouvé des spécimens qui s'étaient échappés, ou persistants, à cinq endroits, dans le centre-sud de l'Ontario. Un peuplement important s'est notamment établi dans la rivière Trent, où il s'est développé, sans doute pendant plusieurs années, avant sa découverte, en 2008. S. aloides a tendance à former d'épais tapis flottants qui peuvent modifier la flore aquatique par concurrence et allélopathie. L'espèce pourrait aussi nuire à la navigation et aux activités de loisir dans le bassin de drainage des Grands Lacs et du Saint-Laurent, si jamais elle parvenait à s'étendre davantage dans l'est de l'Amérique du Nord. En Europe, on la trouve souvent en abondance dans les fossés, dont elle freine l'écoulement tout en accroissant la sédimentation. L'application d'herbicides (diquat) au peuplement de la rivière Trent a connu un succès mitigé, le désherbage manuel s'étant avéré inefficace. Malgré ces efforts, la plante continue de se multiplier de façon végétative en aval. On envisage un plan de lutte intégrée pour en venir à bout (i) en empêchant de nouvelles introductions (restriction des voies d'accès), (ii) par un dépistage et une intervention rapides (peuplements récemment établis ou découverts), et (iii) en détruisant les peuplements connus. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : Stratiot...

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Aquatic grazers reduce the establishment and growth of riparian plants along an environmental gradient

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Plant traits and plant biogeography control the biotic resistance provided by generalist herbivores

Plant traits and plant biogeography control the biotic resistance provided by generalist herbivores

Recruitment of riparian plants after restoration of geomorphic complexity in northern Sweden

Biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 13. Stratiotes aloides L.

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