“…In this context, "heavy metals" refer to elements such as Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Co, and Mn that build up in the environment. This confirms what has been found in prior studies throughout the Red Sea coast by researchers including Badr et al (2009), Alzahrani et al (2018), Almahasheer et al (2018), Alharbi et al (2019) and Ouma et al, (2022). Significant loading was found for Sand%, Mud%, and Hg-sedm on the second factor, which accounted for 24.98% of the total variance and had an Eigenvalue of 3.50.…”