Aquaporin 1 and 3 as local vitality markers in mechanical and thermal skin injuries

Prangenberg, Julian; Doberentz, Elke; Witte, A L; Madea, Burkhard

doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02588-x

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There was no correlation between AQP3 expression and age, sex, body mass index, duration of agony, and post-mortem interval. For AQP1, there were no differences between injured and uninjured skin (45).…”

Section: Skin Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines

2021

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Forensic pathologists are routinely confronted with unclear causes of death or findings. In some scenarios, it can be difficult to answer the specific questions posed by criminal investigators or prosecutors. Such scenarios may include questions about wound vitality or causes of death when typical or landmark findings are difficult to find. In addition to the usual subsequent examinations to clarify unclear causes of death or special questions, immunohistochemical analysis has become increasingly important since its establishment in the early 40s of the 20th century. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the usefulness and significance of immunohistochemical investigations on various structures and proteins. These proteins include, for example, aquaporins, which belong to the family of water channels. They enable the transport of water and of small molecules, such as glycerol, through biological channels and so far, 13 classes of aquaporins could have been identified in vertebrates. The classic aquaporin channels 1, 2, 4 and 5 are only permeable to water. The aquaporin channels 3, 7, 9, and 10 are also called aquaglycerolporins since they can also transport glycerol. This mini review discusses the immunohistochemical research on aquaporins, their range of applications, and respective forensic importance, their current limitations, and possible further implementations in the future.

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Section: Skin Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines

2021

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“…An increased expression of aquaporin 3 in the keratinocytes of the epidermis was described in all kinds of mechanical and trauma injuries. Aquaporin 1 does not show differences in expression between injured and uninjured skin [ 41 , 44 ]. Regarding age estimation, several authors showed the importance of AQP1 and 3, which may also be increased in dermal vessels and keratinocytes, respectively [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AQP1 and 3 are also significantly enhanced in ligature marks, especially on the keratinocytes of compressed skin and in the epidermis and dermal blood vessels [ 39 , 44 ]. Recently, the expression of AQP3 has been observed in frost erythema in a case of lethal hypothermia and, therefore, it could be used as a marker of vitality [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As regards the publications selected for the evaluation of markers for AQPs in the lungs and kidneys, all the works arise from the evaluation of forensic autopsies except for the work by S. Lee et al [ 35 ] based on experimental animal evaluation (rats). As regards the evaluation of the presence of markers for AQPs in the study of skin lesions, many of the works taken into consideration are based on forensic practice [ 40 , 41 , 44 ] but are confirmed in experimental evaluation on animals [ 43 ] and cell cultures [ 51 ]. In the evaluation of the use of aquaporins in determining the viability of vascular lesions or thrombosis, in the literature, there are both more distinctly forensic evaluations, based on autopsy cases [ 45 ], and experimental approaches on murine material [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Aquaporins as Markers in Forensic Pathology: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Alfieri,

Montana,

Frisoni

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The study of aquaporins (AQPs) in various forensic fields has offered a promising horizon in response to the need to have reliable elements for the identification of the manner of death and for the individuation of forensic markers for the timing of lesions and vitality of injury. In the literature, various tissues have been studied; the most investigated are the lungs, brain, kidneys, skin, and blood vessels. A systematic literature review on PubMed following PRISMA 2020 guidelines enabled the identification of 96 articles. In all, 34 of these were enrolled to identify Aquaporin-like (AQP-like) forensic markers. The analysis of the literature demonstrated that the most significant markers among the AQPs are as follows: for the brain, AQP4, which is very important in brain trauma and hypoxic damage; AQP3 in the skin lesions caused by various mechanisms; and AQP5 in the diagnosis of drowning. Other applications are in organ damage due to drug abuse and thrombus dating. The focus of this review is to collect all the data present in the literature about the forensic application of AQPs as forensic markers in the most important fields of application. In the current use, the individuation, validation, and application of markers in forensic investigation are very useful in real forensic applications in cases evaluated in court.

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“…However, they observed that AQP3 was expressed in antemortem ligation mark keratinocytes obtained from forensic cases' autopsies compared to intact skin. Other authors ( 73 ) also analyzed AQP1 and AQP3 in strangulation marks and examined thermal injuries, gunshot wounds, and frostbite erythema. Like the previous ones, they did not find significant differences between injured and non-injured skin about the expression of AQP1.…”

Section: Wound Characterization In Post-mortem Forensic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Impact of the Omics Science Involved in the Wound: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Background: In forensic autopsies, examining the wounds is one of the most critical aspects to clarify the causal relationship between the cause of death and the wounds observed on the corpse. However, on many occasions, it is difficult to differentiate antemortem injuries from post-mortem injuries, mainly when they occur very close to the moment of death. At present, various studies try to find biomarkers and clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in a wound due to the high variability of conditions in which they occur, thus being one of the most challenging problems in forensic pathology. This review aimed to study the omics data to determine the main lines of investigation emerging in the diagnosis of vital injuries, time of appearance, estimation of the age and vitality of the wound, and its possible contributions to the forensic field.Methods: A systematic review of the human wound concerning forensic science was carried out by following PRISMA guidelines.Results: This study sheds light on the role of omics research during the process of wounding, identifying different cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, as well as cells involved in the specific stage of the wound healing process, show great use in estimating the age of a wound. On the other hand, the expression levels of skin enzymes, proteins, metal ions, and other biomarkers play an essential role in differentiating vital and post-mortem wounds. More recent studies have begun to analyze and quantify mRNA from different genes that encode proteins that participate in the inflammation phase of a wound and miRNAs related to various cellular processes.Conclusions: This study sheds light on the role of research in the molecular characterization of vital wounds, heralding a promising future for molecular characterization of wounds in the field of forensic pathology, opening up an important new area of research.Systematic Review Registration: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero, Identifier: CRD42021286623.

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Aquaporin 1 and 3 as local vitality markers in mechanical and thermal skin injuries

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines

Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines

Application of Aquaporins as Markers in Forensic Pathology: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Forensic Impact of the Omics Science Involved in the Wound: A Systematic Review

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