Aquafeed imprint on bogue (Boops boops) populations and the value of fatty acids as indicators of aquaculture-ecosystem interaction: Are we using them properly?

Ramírez, Besay; Montero, Daniel; Izquierdo, Marisol; Haroun, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.08.010

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…This phenomenon has been described for bogue off the Canary Islands (Ramírez et al, 2013), and our analyses indicated that wild farmed and wild individuals of salema also show these differences, especially with LA and ALA. Those FAs are named 'terrestrial fatty acids' because their presence in marine organisms is lower than it is in terrestrial organism and is a characteristic of the different vegetable oils used in fish feeds (Sales & Glencross, 2010). It implies that both bogue and (7) Wild --23.1 (9) 76.9 (30) Hydrobiologia salema spend enough time around off-shore fish cages to substantially change their lipid content and fatty acids composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Related studies indicate modifications of body condition and fatty acid profiles in some resident fishes consuming sufficient amounts of uneaten aquafeed (Fernandez-Jover et al, 2007Arechavala-Lopez et al, 2010;Ramírez et al, 2013). However, at present, it is unknown how this intake can affect body and otolith growth of wild fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the morphological plasticity in response to diet alone is clearly evident in farmed fishes, it should be expected that associated wild species undergo similar phenotypic modifications. To test our null-hypothesis, populations of two wild species, bogue Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) and salema Sarpa salpa (Linnaues, 1758) (Sparidae), were selected for the experimental analysis for two reasons: they are abundant species around the farms in the Canary Islands (Boyra et al, 2004;Tuya et al, 2005Tuya et al, , 2006, and we have evidence that they ingest aquafeeds (Arechavala-Lopez et al, 2010;Ramírez et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic plasticity in wild marine fishes associated with fish-cage aquaculture

et al. 2015

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Two opportunistic fish species associated with fish farms, bogue (Boops boops) and salema (Sarpa salpa), were studied to infer whether changes in their feeding habits may cause a phenotypic response in body and otolith shape. Specimens were collected close to aquaculture cage sites, called 'wildfarmed fish', and from control sites far away from these areas, called 'wild fish'. The fish body shapes were examined with geometric morphometric analysis using 21 landmarks. The otolith contours were analysed using wavelet function, whereas otolith weights were used as indicators of fish growth rates. Statistically significant differences were observed in body shape between wild-farmed fish and wild fish of both species. The wild-farmed fish had a smaller head and eye, and in bogue also a slighter snout curvature and head depth. Otolith shape and weight did not differ between groups in bogue. By contrast, there were significant differences in otolith shape and weight between groups in salema. A complementary study in salema indicated that the wild-farmed fishes grew more in weight and accumulated higher concentrations of 'terrestrial fatty acids' (linoleic and alphalinolenic acids), which are used in fish feeds. Our findings clearly demonstrated an influence of coastal sea cages on metabolism of some wild fishes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic plasticity in wild marine fishes associated with fish-cage aquaculture

et al. 2015

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“…Environmental stressors interfere with sub-organismal constituents such as cells and tissues, therefore, biomolecular and biochemical levels are sensitive and quick-responding indicators to stressors (Adams and Greeley, 2000). Indeed, alteration in FA composition is a sensitive early warning bio-indicator of stress, as evidenced by numerous studies (Gonç alves et al, 2012b(Gonç alves et al, , 2016Maazouzi et al, 2008;Ramírez et al, 2013;Sánchez-Muros et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and toxicological effects of organic (herbicide Primextra® Gold TZ) and inorganic (copper) compounds on zooplankton and phytoplankton species

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tIn Europe, mainly in the Mediterranean region, an intensive usage of pesticides was recorded during the past 30 years. According to information from agricultural cooperatives of the Mondego valley (Figueira da Foz, Portugal), Primextra ® Gold TZ is the most used herbicide in corn crop fields and one of the 20 best-selling herbicides in Portugal. Copper is mainly used in pesticide formulations. This study aims to determine the ecotoxicological and biochemical (namely fatty acid profiles) effects of the herbicide Primextra ® Gold TZ and the metal copper on marine plankton. The organisms used in this study are three planktonic species: the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa and nauplii of the marine brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Fatty acids (FAs) are one of the most important molecules transferred across the plant-animal interface in aquatic food webs and can be used as good indicators of stress. The conducted lab incubations show that T. weissflogii is the most sensitive species to the herbicide followed by A. tonsa (EC 50 = 0.0078 mg/L and EC 50 = 0.925 mg/L, respectively), whereas the copepod was the most sensitive species to the metal followed by T. weissflogii (EC 50 = 0.234 mg/L and EC 50 = 0.383 mg/L, respectively). A. franciscana was the most tolerant organism both to the herbicide and to the metal (EC 50 = 20.35 mg/L and EC 50 = 18.93 mg/L, respectively). Changes in the FA profiles of primary producer and primary consumers were observed, with the increase of saturated FA and decrease of unsaturated FA contents, especially of highly unsaturated FAs that can be obtained mainly from food and therefore are referred to as 'essential FA'. The study suggests that discharges of Primextra ® Gold TZ or other pesticides mainly composed by copper may be a threat to plankton populations causing changes in the FA contents and thus in their nutritive value, with severe repercussions for higher trophic levels and thus the entire food web.

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“…Wild fish species consume processed fish [88], pellets, parasites of cultured fish and bio-fouling species [89,90]. A waste feed diet can affect metabolic pathways and gene coding expression, as well as depress the predatory behavior of wild fish near cages [91]. On an ecosystem level, a change in diet of relevant fish fauna can lead to alterations in the system trophic state, affecting community structure and species abundance via top-down cascading effects [86].…”

Section: Fish Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Blue Growth in a Mild Sea: Analysis of the Synergies Produced by a Multi-Purpose Offshore Installation in the Northern Adriatic, Italy

et al. 2015

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Abstract:In the near future, the oceans will be subjected to a massive development of marine infrastructures, including offshore wind, tidal and wave energy farms and constructions for marine aquaculture. The development of these facilities will unavoidably exert environmental pressures on marine ecosystems. It is therefore crucial that the economic costs, the use of marine space and the environmental impacts of these activities remain within acceptable limits. Moreover, the installation of arrays of wave energy devices is still far from being economically feasible due to many combined aspects, such as immature technologies for energy conversion, local energy storage and moorings. Therefore, multi-purpose solutions combining renewable energy from the sea (wind, wave, tide), aquaculture and transportation facilities can be considered as a challenging, yet advantageous, way to boost blue growth. This would be due to the sharing of the costs of installation and using the produced energy locally to feed the different functionalities and optimizing marine spatial planning. This paper focuses on the synergies that may be produced by a multi-purpose offshore installation in a relatively calm sea, i.e., the Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy, and specifically offshore Venice. It analyzes the combination of aquaculture, energy production from wind and waves, and energy storage or transfer. Alternative solutions are evaluated based on specific criteria, including the maturity of the technology, the environmental impact, the induced risks and the costs. Based on expert judgment, the alternatives are ranked and a preliminary layout of the selected multi-purpose installation for the case study is proposed, to further allow the exploitation of the synergies among different functionalities.

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Aquafeed imprint on bogue (Boops boops) populations and the value of fatty acids as indicators of aquaculture-ecosystem interaction: Are we using them properly?

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Phenotypic plasticity in wild marine fishes associated with fish-cage aquaculture

Phenotypic plasticity in wild marine fishes associated with fish-cage aquaculture

Biochemical and toxicological effects of organic (herbicide Primextra® Gold TZ) and inorganic (copper) compounds on zooplankton and phytoplankton species

Boosting Blue Growth in a Mild Sea: Analysis of the Synergies Produced by a Multi-Purpose Offshore Installation in the Northern Adriatic, Italy

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