Aqua-Fi: Delivering Internet Underwater Using Wireless Optical Networks

Shihada, Basem; Amin, Osama; Bainbridge, Christopher; Jardak, Seifallah; Alkhazragi, Omar; Ng, Tien Khee; Ooi, Boon S.; Berumen, Michael L.; Alouini, Mohamed‐Slim

doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2000009

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As mentioned previously, however, UOC involves certain costs such as short range communication and the requirement for near-perfect transmitter/receiver alignment within turbulent and dynamic underwater conditions. In adverse weather conditions such as turbulent oceans with highly turbid water, UOC suffers from high bit error rates (BER), because optical beams cannot penetrate opaque, murky water [17]. In these scenarios, UAC is a more reliable choice for communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Underwater Wireless Communications Using Hybrid Optical-Acoustic Technologies

et al. 2021

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Underwater wireless communication is a rapidly growing field, especially with the recent emergence of technologies such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). To support the high-bandwidth applications using these technologies, underwater optics has attracted significant attention, alongside its complementary technology -underwater acoustics. Both of these technologies complement each other. In this paper, we propose a hybrid opto-acoustic underwater wireless communication model that reduces network power consumption and supports high-data rate underwater applications by selecting appropriate communication links in response to varying traffic loads and dynamic weather conditions. Underwater optics offers high data rates and consumes less power. However, due to the severe absorption of light in the medium, the communication range is short in underwater optics. Conversely, acoustics suffers from low data rate and high power consumption, but provides longer communication ranges. Since most underwater equipment relies on battery power, energy-efficient communication is critical for reliable underwater communications. In this work, we derive analytical models for both underwater acoustics and optics, and calculate the required transmit power for reliable communications in various underwater communication environments. We then formulate an optimization problem that minimizes the network power consumption for carrying data from underwater nodes to surface sinks under varying traffic loads and weather conditions. The proposed optimization model can be solved offline periodically, hence the additional computational complexity to find the optimum solution for larger networks is not a limiting factor for practical applications. Our results indicate that the proposed technique yields up to 35% power savings compared to existing opto-acoustic solutions.INDEX TERMS Green communication, hybrid networks, optimization, underwater wireless communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Underwater Wireless Communications Using Hybrid Optical-Acoustic Technologies

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, human–nature interactions are especially difficult to document in these ecosystems with digital technology (often requiring more specialized equipment—for example, waterproof cameras) and have uneven spatial coverage, with scarce data from areas farther from the shore and underwater. Nevertheless, these approaches still represent a rich source of information, and their potential should improve as technological advances such as underwater wireless connection provide new opportunities to document our interactions underwater [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding conservation culturomics and iEcology from terrestrial to aquatic realms

et al. 2020

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The ongoing digital revolution in the age of big data is opening new research opportunities. Culturomics and iEcology, two emerging research areas based on the analysis of online data resources, can provide novel scientific insights and inform conservation and management efforts. To date, culturomics and iEcology have been applied primarily in the terrestrial realm. Here, we advocate for expanding such applications to the aquatic realm by providing a brief overview of these new approaches and outlining key areas in which culturomics and iEcology are likely to have the highest impact, including the management of protected areas; fisheries; flagship species identification; detection and distribution of threatened, rare, and alien species; assessment of ecosystem status and anthropogenic impacts; and social impact assessment. When deployed in the right context with awareness of potential biases, culturomics and iEcology are ripe for rapid development as low-cost research approaches based on data available from digital sources, with increasingly diverse applications for aquatic ecosystems.

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“…It is possible to transmit data to kilometers away using acoustic waves. However, since the bandwidth of acoustic waves, that can be used for communication at these distances is quite narrow, data transmission can only be achieved at kbps levels [4]. Acoustic systems are costly because they need high power transmitters [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Today, high-speed real-time underwater wireless data communication is in huge demand in many commercial and military applications such as ocean exploration, offshore oil industry, remote controlled unmanned underwater vehicles, port security and control [2,3].In underwater environment, data can be transmitted wirelessly by three types of waves: electromagnetic, acoustic and optical [4]. Since the electromagnetic waves attenuate rapidly in the underwater environment, the data communication distance and speed can be achieved at 10 m and Mbps levels, respectively [4,5]. Low frequencies are used in these systems because electromagnetic waves are attenuated less at lower frequenci-Article History:…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In underwater environment, data can be transmitted wirelessly by three types of waves: electromagnetic, acoustic and optical [4]. Since the electromagnetic waves attenuate rapidly in the underwater environment, the data communication distance and speed can be achieved at 10 m and Mbps levels, respectively [4,5]. Low frequencies are used in these systems because electromagnetic waves are attenuated less at lower frequenci-Article History:…”

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confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Channel Capacity for Different Environment and System Parameters

Mahmutoğlu

Türk

Albayrak

2020

Hittite J. Sci. Eng.

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W ireless data communication in the underwater environment started with the measurement of the sound velocity underwater in 1826. After that, it gained a strong acceleration with the submarine technology developed during the 1st and 2nd World Wars [1]. Today, high-speed real-time underwater wireless data communication is in huge demand in many commercial and military applications such as ocean exploration, offshore oil industry, remote controlled unmanned underwater vehicles, port security and control [2,3].In underwater environment, data can be transmitted wirelessly by three types of waves: electromagnetic, acoustic and optical [4]. Since the electromagnetic waves attenuate rapidly in the underwater environment, the data communication distance and speed can be achieved at 10 m and Mbps levels, respectively [4,5]. Low frequencies are used in these systems because electromagnetic waves are attenuated less at lower frequenci-Article History:

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Aqua-Fi: Delivering Internet Underwater Using Wireless Optical Networks

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Green Underwater Wireless Communications Using Hybrid Optical-Acoustic Technologies

Green Underwater Wireless Communications Using Hybrid Optical-Acoustic Technologies

Expanding conservation culturomics and iEcology from terrestrial to aquatic realms

Investigation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Channel Capacity for Different Environment and System Parameters

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