Apteriform development induced by radish seedlings in larvae of the aphid Myzus persicae reared on artificial diet

Mittler, T. E.; Kleinjan, J. E.; Kunkel, H.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(70)90084-3

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Instances of the first type are numerous (e.g. Johnson & Birks, 1960;Judge, 1968;Mittler et al, 1970;Kunkel & Mittler, 1971;Harrewijn, 1973;Mitsuhashi & Koyama, 1974;Hales, 1976;Hardie, 1981;I,ees, 1984;lwanaga & Tojo, 1986). Also potential ma of P. apterus may be induced to become br (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing polymorphism in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae): penetrance of recessive macropterous homozygotes and duration of larval development

Honěk¹

1987

Genetica

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The length of egg-to-adult development was compared in two strains of P. apterus selected for brachyptery or macroptery. Selection influenced the frequency of the receissive allele for macropterism (q), the penetrance of recessive homozygotes (P), and the average duration of development. In branchypters, average length of development was not affected byq, but was positively correlated with P (r =0.889 in males and 0.941 in females). The anova revealed that 74.4% of variance of P was due to genetic, and 16.5% to photoperiodic factors. Development duration of macropters (being greater than in brachypters) was not correlated with P or q. We suppose that some phenotypic brachypters begin to develop as potential macropters, are diverted to brachypter development in the late larval stage, and therefore have longer larval development than "ordinary" brachypters. As the ratio of "brachypterized" to "ordinary" brachypters increases with P, the average duration of development of all phenotypic brachypters increases also with R In some populations short development may have adapti~e significance. The linkage between P and length of larval development may contribute to geographic differentiation of the tendency to produce (non-functional flightless) macropters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing polymorphism in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae): penetrance of recessive macropterous homozygotes and duration of larval development

Honěk¹

1987

Genetica

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“…Considering the existing contradictions with regard to the possible role of the corpus allatum in wing development (White, 1971 ;Applebaum et al, 1975;Leckstein, 1976) it is somewhat premature to state that such an apterising stimulus will increase the production of juvenile hormone by the CA. There remains little doubt, however', that the APP of Mittler et al (1970b) has a token effect, the protocerebrum being the most likely site for the transduction of this signal into endocrine governing of wing dimorphism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnson & Birks (1960) found that seedling host plants can exert a strong apterizing influence on larval aphids. Mittler et al (1970b) found with M. persicae that this apterizing effect expressed itself after only one hour's access to a radish seedling. In an extended paper Kunkel & Mittler (1971) suggested that a "token stimulus" is the basis of the "Apterous Promoting Principle" (APP).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Restlessnessoftheaphidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The use of artificial diets in the study of wing dimorphism revealed a very complex relationship between nutrition and ecological factors already known to influence morph determination (Lees, 1966;Mittler & Dadd, 1966;Dadd, 1968;Mittler & Kleinjan, 1970;. In particular the question whether a suboptimal substrate will induce the alate morph is still not answered satisfactorily (Mittler et al 1970b;Kunkel & Mittler, 1971;Raccah et al, 1971;Schaefers & Judge, 1971;Leckstein & Llewellyn, 1973). This discussion will not be resolved as long as it is assumed that a nutritional condition favourable for growth and reproduction will also initiate the formation of a certain morph.…”

Section: The Role Of Nutrition In Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THE ROLE OF PLANT SUBSTANCES IN POLYMORPHISM OF THE APHID MYZUS PERSICAE

Harrewijn¹

1978

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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In aphids polymorphism is a complex seasonal phenomenon influenced by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Polymorphisrn is connected to host alternation and to generation succession. In all cases studied, morph determination is regulated by physical factors and by social relationships such as population density. Apart from these factors, the host plant can play a dominating role in wing dimorphism of different species. There is also evidence that the condition of the host may influence the production of sexuparae. Host plant substances influencing morph determination in M. persicae can be divided into a number of classes: I. Nutrients per se, stimulating growth and reproduction. They have an indirect effect on wing production, as they influence population density (crowding effect). II. Factors affecting restlessness of the aphids. IIl. Factors acting as "tokens", triggering the aphid brain to initiate the production of the apterous or alate morph. IV. Specific morph-active substances, which interfere with the response of the brain to environmental factors, such as crowding. V. Pseudo-crowding factors. They are introduced into the plant by the aphids and influence aphids at a different site on the plant. For each of these classes examples are given and their possible mode of action is discussed. In Aphididae polymorphism is a general rule in both holocyclic and anholocyclic species. In holocyclic species we can find at least six different forms, described by Hille Ris Lambers (1966). The alate and apterous viviparous females are genetically identical, and the same holds for males. This made Hille Ris Lambers (1960) introduce the term morph in contrast to a genotypical form. The mere fact that many different morphs have the same genetical basis makes polymorphism in aphids extremely interesting. It is now known that it is a complex seasonal phenomenon influenced by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The production of a different morph can be connected with generation succession (for instance the development of alate virginoparae from apterous mothers) or with host alternation (sexuparae will leave the secondary host to produce oviparae on the primary host). The study of polymorphism in aphids is hampered by the fact that intrinsic and extrinsic factors may simultaneously affect the production of a particular morph and, depending on the situation, their effects can have a supplementary or a complementary character.

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“…The artificial diet could have an alatizing influence on the larvae that are deposited and reared on the diet (cf. Mittler, Kleinjan & Kunkel, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

WING PRODUCTION BY GROUPED AND ISOLATED APTERAE OF THE APHID MYZUS PERSICAE ON ARTIFICIAL DIET

Mittler

Kunkel

1971

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Single and groups of plant‐reared adult apterous Myzus persicae were transferred to an artificial diet and the progeny produced on subsequent days raised in groups on the diet. An enhancement in alata‐production in response to interactions between the adult aphids was recorded. This would not have occurred or have been as marked if seedling hostplants (radish or mustard) had been used as larviposition and larval rearing substrates. Crowding the adult aphids at different densities and for various periods showed that relatively few contacts between them promote an increase in alata‐production. Such increases are maintained for several days after the period of crowding. Isolated adults did not produce exclusively apterous progeny and their alata‐production moreover increased to 80–90% after about a week on the diet despite the fact they were isolated from their progeny on a daily basis. Zusammenfassung GEFLÜGELTEN‐PRODUKTION VON IN GRUPPEN ODER ISOLIERT AUF KÜNSTLICHER DIÄT GEHALTENEN UNGEFLÜGELTEN DER BLATTLAUS MYZUS PERSICAE Entweder in Gruppen oder einzeln auf Rettichkeimlingen herangezogene adulte Aptère von Myzus persicae wurden für die Experimente an eine künstliche Diät gesetzt und ihre täglich entnommenen Nachkommen gruppenweise mit dieser Diät aufgezogen. Als sofortige Reaktion auf die Vereinzelung war eine Steigerung der Apteren‐Produktion festzustellen. Als Reaktion auf zeitweiser Gruppierung erhöhte sich mit der Dauer dieses Vorganges die Geflügeltenzahl. Die Erhöhung ließ sich über einige Tage nachweisen. Gruppierungsexperimente mit verschiedener Anzahl von Adulten oder für verschieden lange Perioden zeigten, daß schon relativ wenige Kontakte eine Alaten‐Produktion förderten. Isolierte Adulte brachten nicht ausschließlich ungeflügelte Nachkommen hervor und ihre Geflügelten‐Produktion stieg nach einer Woche Aufenthalt auf der künstlichen Diät darüber hinaus auf 80–90% an, auch wenn sie tãglich von ihrer Nachkommenschaft getrennt wurden.

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Apteriform development induced by radish seedlings in larvae of the aphid Myzus persicae reared on artificial diet

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Wing polymorphism in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae): penetrance of recessive macropterous homozygotes and duration of larval development

Wing polymorphism in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae): penetrance of recessive macropterous homozygotes and duration of larval development

THE ROLE OF PLANT SUBSTANCES IN POLYMORPHISM OF THE APHID MYZUS PERSICAE

WING PRODUCTION BY GROUPED AND ISOLATED APTERAE OF THE APHID MYZUS PERSICAE ON ARTIFICIAL DIET

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