“…In addition, aptamers generally exhibit high specificity and affinity for their targets, and their structural flexibility allows for adaptation of undergoing significant conformational changes once aptamers and their targets specifically bind with each other (Blind and Blank, 2015;Nielsen et al, 2010). Hence, these attractive superiorities potentiate them as ideal biosensing molecules (Billinge et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2015;Ara et al, 2014;Song et al, 2014), and aptamer have been exploited in biorecognition applications of proteins, cancer cells and cancer medicine Xiang et al, 2015;Ghasemi et al, 2015;Kim and Gu, 2014). Currently, various types of nanomaterials have been employed to provide fluorescence response and construct ultrasensitive biosensors with the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology (Min et al, 2011;Zhang, 2012).…”