Aptamer‐based Biosensor Developed to Monitor MUC1 Released by Prostate Cancer Cells

Abstract

Electrochemical aptasensors can detect cancer biomarkers such as mucin 1 (MUC1) to provide point‐of‐care diagnosis that is low‐cost, specific and sensitive. Herein, a DNA hairpin containing MUC1 aptamer was thiolated, conjugated with methylene blue (MB) redox tag, and immobilized on a gold electrode by self‐assembly. The fabrication process was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray spectroscopy analysis and electrochemistry techniques. The results evidenced a stable and sensitivity sensor presenting wide linear detection range (0.65–110 ng/mL). Therefore, it was able to precisely detect MUC1 production patterns in normal (RWPE‐1) and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and PC3). The biosensor has ability to detect MUC1 in complex samples being an efficient and useful platform for cancer diagnosing in early stages and for physiological applications such as cancer treatment monitoring.

Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor developed to monitor PSA and VEGF released by prostate cancer cells

“…The aptamer immobilization on the top of the gold-coated silicon wafer was accomplished through surface coordinated chemistry, which generated well-defined surface patterns by using thiols linkers attached to the gold layers in order to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [29]. Real time monitoring of layer formation by SPR technique revealed a well disperse aptamer surface with density of 6.6 ng/mm 2 [30]. Subsequently, the surface was passivated through the backfilling technique, with MCH, which is a well-known methodology to work with thiolated DNA sensor surfaces [31].…”

Using an Electrochemical Aptasensor to Early Detect Prostate Specific and Free Prostate Specific Antigens Released by Cancer Cells

“…Figure A shows the stability of the developed sensor over time: background signal was very stable and it did not cause significant loss in the peak current (around 10 % signal loss) as shown in Figure B. This outcome is similar to results recorded for a whole range of new electrochemical aptamer‐based biosensors .…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated with AuNPs as a New Aptamer-Based Biosensor for the Detection of Androgen Receptor from Prostate Cells

“…The only biomarker used for screening exams is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) [5]; however, PSA itself cannot provide reliable diagnosis for cancer detection and overexpression of it can be related to other prostate diseases rather than cancer [6,7]. In this way, there are several reports in literature to find other suitable biomarkers for PCa detection and monitoring, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and polymorphic epithelial mucin type 1 (MUC1) [8,9].…”

“…Hence, there is an increasing attention to DNA biosensors as a tool for cancer diagnosis and monitoring [41]. The use of aptamer-based sensors using gold electrodes in order to detect cancer biomarkers is well exploited in literature for a range of applications, such as early cancer detection, cancer monitoring, and drug delivery systems [8,9,42]. The combination of aptamer, rGO, and AuNPs is novel tendency for developing more powerful platforms, where the DNA immobilization can be enhanced by AuNPs offering higher surface area at nanoscale which increases the sensor sensitivity and also improves the electronic properties of the biosensor [21].…”