“…Furthermore, blank production at Aranbaltza II is basically oriented towards the production of blades and bladelets, following the same production schemas seen at classic sites such as Roc de Combe, La Côte and Quinçay [ 21 , 26 ], Morin level 10 [ 34 ], and also evidenced in assemblages such as Labeko Koba [ 27 ], Ekain [ 35 ], and Cova Foradada [ 36 ]. Blade and bladelet production in the regional Middle Paleolithic are very rare, and never formed part of the structural productions for the Mousterian Neandertals [ 37 – 40 ]. Additionally, there are no MTA-B assemblages in the Cantabrian Region [ 41 ], while and backed tools associated with Mousterian assemblages, like the Abri Audi knifes, are very rare in the Northern Iberian Peninsula [ 33 , 42 , 43 ].…”
Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the disappearance of Neandertals between ca. 50 and 40 kyr BP. Central to these discussions has been the identification of new techno-cultural complexes that overlap with the period of Neandertal demise in Europe. One such complex is the Châtelperronian, which extends from the Paris Basin to the Northern Iberian Peninsula between 43,760–39,220 BP. In this study we present the first open-air Châtelperronian site in the Northern Iberian Peninsula, Aranbaltza II. The technological features of its stone tool assemblage show no links with previous Middle Paleolithic technology in the region, and chronological modeling reveals a gap between the latest Middle Paleolithic and the Châtelperronian in this area. We interpret this as evidence of local Neandertal extinction and replacement by other Neandertal groups coming from southern France, illustrating how local extinction episodes could have played a role in the process of disappearance of Neandertals.
“…Furthermore, blank production at Aranbaltza II is basically oriented towards the production of blades and bladelets, following the same production schemas seen at classic sites such as Roc de Combe, La Côte and Quinçay [ 21 , 26 ], Morin level 10 [ 34 ], and also evidenced in assemblages such as Labeko Koba [ 27 ], Ekain [ 35 ], and Cova Foradada [ 36 ]. Blade and bladelet production in the regional Middle Paleolithic are very rare, and never formed part of the structural productions for the Mousterian Neandertals [ 37 – 40 ]. Additionally, there are no MTA-B assemblages in the Cantabrian Region [ 41 ], while and backed tools associated with Mousterian assemblages, like the Abri Audi knifes, are very rare in the Northern Iberian Peninsula [ 33 , 42 , 43 ].…”
Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the disappearance of Neandertals between ca. 50 and 40 kyr BP. Central to these discussions has been the identification of new techno-cultural complexes that overlap with the period of Neandertal demise in Europe. One such complex is the Châtelperronian, which extends from the Paris Basin to the Northern Iberian Peninsula between 43,760–39,220 BP. In this study we present the first open-air Châtelperronian site in the Northern Iberian Peninsula, Aranbaltza II. The technological features of its stone tool assemblage show no links with previous Middle Paleolithic technology in the region, and chronological modeling reveals a gap between the latest Middle Paleolithic and the Châtelperronian in this area. We interpret this as evidence of local Neandertal extinction and replacement by other Neandertal groups coming from southern France, illustrating how local extinction episodes could have played a role in the process of disappearance of Neandertals.
“…Faceted platforms, which are well-represented in Early Aurignacian assemblages of southwestern France [ 35 , 142 ], are rare. Even if faceted platforms are not common outside of southwestern France [ 37 , 51 , 143 , 144 ], the differences in the preparation of the core striking platform seem related to the production of more robust blades in Early Aurignacian assemblages [ 35 , 36 ]. At Fumane, blades have variable morpho-metric attributes, but among retouched tools a selection of the bigger blanks, independent of their regularity and the presence of cortical remains, is verified.…”
In the scenario of the spread of the anatomically modern humans (AMHs) into Europe, the techno-complex known as Protoaurignacian is defined by the production of blades and bladelets within a single and continuous stone knapping sequence from the same core as the result of its progressive reduction. However, the growing re-evaluation of some assemblages is revealing that bladelets are frequently obtained from independent reduction sequences, hence discouraging the direct application of the model developed in southwestern France. High-resolution regional signatures are thus needed to reconstruct a more accurate portrait of the AMH colonization dynamic. Northeastern Italy, with the key site of Fumane Cave, is one among the regions of Mediterranean Europe worthy of consideration for reconstructing this colonization process and its cultural dynamics. Within the framework of a critical discussion of the technological definition of the Protoaurignacian and its relationship with contemporaneous industries on a regional and supra-regional scale, we present the results of a detailed analysis of the lithic technology from units A2-A1 based on reduction sequence and attribute analyses. Results show that bladelets are the first goal of production and they do not originate from reduced blade cores but from a broad range of independent and simultaneous core reduction strategies. One implication is that the most commonly used technological trait that is said to define the Protoaurignacian has been over-emphasized and that the Protoaurignacian is technologically consistent across its geographical extent. Additional data based on carinated core technology imply that this techno-complex shares a common technological background with the Early Aurignacian and that no features are restricted to one of the two facies. Furthermore, the major difference between the Protoaurignacian and Early Aurignacian appears to be more typological in nature, with retouched bladelets being less common in the Early Aurignacian.
“…Some bladelets production has been noted at the sites of El Castillo and Cueva Morin in northern Spain (Maíllo Fernández 2001;Maíllo-Fernández et al 2004), at Champ Grand (Slimak & Lucas 2005) and Combe Grenal in France (Faivre 2012), Fumane (Peresani et al 2013) and Grotta del Cavallo in Italy (Carmignani 2010) and Balver Höhle in Germany (Pastoors & Tafelmaier 2010).…”
Abstract:The Riparo Tagliente site (Verona, Italy) shows three macro phases in which high technological variability can be observed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the specific role of the Middle Paleolithic blade production within this variability. Preliminary results show a complex scenario in which the role of the blade is strictly linked with flake production through mixed reduction systems.Two different approaches were used for analysing the lithic assemblages from the site. The first analysis focused on the identification of the reduction systems by determining the techniques, methods and concepts underlying the entire chaîne opératoire. The second approach concentrated on analysing blade production in order to identify its variability.Evidence of blade technology from the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 8-6) has been found in northern Europe (France, Belgium). Later, during MIS 5 blades can be found over a larger area, this time also including north-western Germany and the central-southern part of France. A third period (MIS 4-3) marks the appearance of laminar production in southern Europe, including in the Italian peninsula. Based on the present state of research these three phases appear to be on-and-off events without clear evolutionary continuity.By repositioning the sequence of Riparo Tagliente within the Italian context we can observe that at the end of the Mousterian period the technological patterns differ greatly, with laminar production being one of its most evident expressions. The origin of this fragmentation is questionable.
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