Apraclonidine Hydrochloride as an Adjunct to Timolol Maleate Therapy

Blasini, Marino; Shields, M. Bruce

doi:10.1097/00061198-199201030-00003

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In contrast, the 0.5% apraclonidine group demonstrated a more persistent therapeutic effect from the eyedrops, inducing circa 20% decreases in IOP 8–12 h after administration, like timolol . The therapeutic efficacy of apraclonidine as an adjunctive therapy is notable as when the drug was topically administered in conjunction with timolol or levobunolol , an additional decrease in IOP ranging from 1.3 to 4.4 mmHg could be detected [ 226 , 227 ]. Side effects of apraclonidine include fatigue, drowsiness, dry mouth, dry nose, burning, conjunctival blanching, allergic reaction, eyelid retraction, and mydriasis.…”

Section: Glaucoma Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Insights into Topical Agents in Intraocular Pressure Management: From Glaucoma Etiopathology to Therapeutic Approaches

Patton,

Lee

2024

Pharmaceutics

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Glaucoma encompasses a group of optic neuropathies characterized by complex and often elusive etiopathology, involving neurodegeneration of the optic nerve in conjunction with abnormal intraocular pressure (IOP). Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma, and treatment strategies primarily aim to halt disease progression by managing IOP. This review delves into the etiopathology, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches for glaucoma, with a special focus on IOP management. We discuss a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients used in glaucoma therapy, emphasizing their chemical structure, pharmacological action, therapeutic effectiveness, and safety/tolerability profiles. Notably, most of these therapeutic agents are administered as topical formulations, a critical aspect considering patient compliance and drug delivery efficiency. The classes of glaucoma therapeutics covered in this review include prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Rho kinase inhibitors, and miotic (cholinergic) agents. This comprehensive overview highlights the importance of topical administration in glaucoma treatment, offering insights into the current state and future directions of pharmacological management in glaucoma.

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Section: Glaucoma Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%