“…We adopt the formulation given in Li et al (2013) for the lower level DTA, which is largely the same as given in Janson (1991). Let , , be the number of trips from origin to destination at time period under scenario obtained from input data , , , and evacuation plan .…”
Section: Dynamic Traffic Assignmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Let , , be the number of trips from origin to destination at time period under scenario obtained from input data , , , and evacuation plan . The paths and travel times of evacuees are obtained by employing the solution procedure also in Li et al (2013) for the lower-level DTA, given the dynamic OD table , , . Generally, the time periods in the upper-level model are substantially longer than in the lower-level model.…”
This paper develops a bi-level programming model to optimize the issuance of evacuation orders with explicit consideration of (i) the highly uncertain evolution of the
“…We adopt the formulation given in Li et al (2013) for the lower level DTA, which is largely the same as given in Janson (1991). Let , , be the number of trips from origin to destination at time period under scenario obtained from input data , , , and evacuation plan .…”
Section: Dynamic Traffic Assignmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Let , , be the number of trips from origin to destination at time period under scenario obtained from input data , , , and evacuation plan . The paths and travel times of evacuees are obtained by employing the solution procedure also in Li et al (2013) for the lower-level DTA, given the dynamic OD table , , . Generally, the time periods in the upper-level model are substantially longer than in the lower-level model.…”
This paper develops a bi-level programming model to optimize the issuance of evacuation orders with explicit consideration of (i) the highly uncertain evolution of the
“…The Sandia version of the code is able to run the Katrina evacuation simulation in roughly 10 seconds on an 8-core PC, as compared to 110 minutes for DynusT (the industry standard) and approximately 24 hours for TRANSIMS. A complete description of the DTA in the context of the Katrina study can be found in Li, et al (2012).…”
Currently, much of protection planning is conducted separately for each infrastructure and hazard. Limited funding requires a balance of expenditures between terrorism and natural hazards based on potential impacts. This report documents the results of a Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) project that created a modeling framework for investment planning in interdependent infrastructures focused on multiple hazards, including terrorism. To develop this framework, three modeling elements were integrated: natural hazards, terrorism, and interdependent infrastructures. For natural hazards, a methodology was created for specifying events consistent with regional hazards. For terrorism, we modeled the terrorist's actions based on assumptions regarding their knowledge, goals, and target identification strategy. For infrastructures, we focused on predicting post-event performance due to specific terrorist attacks and natural hazard events, tempered by appropriate infrastructure investments. We demonstrate the utility of this framework with various examples, including protection of electric power, roadway, and hospital networks.
4
With the increasing popularity of smart phones, Parking Reservation System (PRS) becomes practical to reduce the travel time in cruising for vacant spaces. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of PRS explicitly. This paper was started with analyzing the processes of cruising for vacant spaces and making parking reservation decisions. The vehicles were divided into two categories: the intelligent vehicles and the regular ones. Only the intelligent vehicles have the ability to make a parking reservation beforehand, while the regular ones have to cruise for vacant spaces. All involved components were treated as different agents, including vehicles, parking lots, network, and management center. Based on this, agent-based simulation was introduced to evaluate the performances of the scenarios with different penetration rates. The simulation results indicate the average travel time increases with the improvement of the penetration rates for the regular vehicles. The assessment method presented in this study would assist in promoting the performances of PRS in urban areas.
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