Approximate analysis of M/G/c/c state-dependent queueing networks

Cruz, Frederico R. B.; Smith, J. MacGregor

doi:10.1016/j.cor.2005.09.006

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous works and methodologies related to pedestrian traffic flows (e.g., Cheah and Smith 1994;Cruz and Smith 2007;Cruz et al 2005;Fruin 1971;Mitchell and Smith 2001;Smith 2001;Smith and Cruz 2014;Weiss et al 2012) measures the performance of a corridor based on three input parameters; i.e., pedestrian arrival rates streamed from a single arrival source located at the beginning of the corridor, its length through which pedestrians have to travel and its capacity. However, multiple arrival sources scattered along a corridor are typical for facilities with complex corridor geometry; e.g., storey buildings and stadiums.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evaluation of pedestrians’ behavior using M/G/C/C analytical, weighted distance and real distance simulation models

Khalid

Nawawi

Kawsar

et al. 2015

Discrete Event Dyn Syst

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M/G/C/C analytical and simulation models have long been used to evaluate the performance of a large and complex topological network. However, such evaluation is only founded on a network's total arrival rate and its weighted distance. Thus, this paper discusses some concepts and issues in building an M/G/C/C simulation model of a complex geometric system where all its arrival sources and their exact distances to the end of their networks (i.e., corridors) have been taken into consideration in measuring the impacts of various evacuation rates to its throughput, blocking probability, expected service time and expected number of pedestrians. For this purpose, the Dewan Tuanku Syed Putra hall, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia has been selected as a case study for various evaluations of complex pedestrian flows. These results were analyzed and compared with the results of our analytical and weighted distance simulation models. We then documented the ranges of arrival rates for each of the model where their results exhibited significant discrepancies and suggest ideal rates to best evacuate occupants from the hall. Our model can be utilized by policy makers to recommend suitable actions especially in emergency cases and be modified to build and measure the performance of other real-life complex systems.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of these parameters to the performance of the space has mathematically been represented in the analytical M/G/C/C model and is discussed in detail in previous studies (e.g., Cheah and Smith 1994;Cruz and Smith 2007;Cruz et al 2005). Based on this mechanism, two M/G/C/C simulation models have been developed.…”

Section: Outline Of the Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of pedestrians’ behavior using M/G/C/C analytical, weighted distance and real distance simulation models

Khalid

Nawawi

Kawsar

et al. 2015

Discrete Event Dyn Syst

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“…With the assumption of fixed total downlink transmission power, we derive the optimum number of antennas, M for any given number of users, K and their combination related to the global maximizer of EE, denoted by MgOpt, KgOpt-To find the optimal dimensioning of the PA that ensures 24 hour energy efficient operation of the network, we need to capture the temporal load variation. In order to do that we derive the user distribution throughout the day by modeling each BS as a state dependent M/G/m/m queue [12], [13] and utilize the daily load profile as suggested in [3], [14]. The M/G/m/m queue dictates that for exponential arrival and general distribution of service time, maximum m number of users can be served simultaneously (number of servers = m, waiting place = 0) and the state dependency arises from the fact that the user rate depends on the number of users in the system getting served simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensioning of PA for massive MIMO system with load adaptive number of antennas

Hossain

Jäntti

Çavdar

2014

2014 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)

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This paper takes into consideration the non-ideal efficiency characteristics of realistic power amplifiers (PAs) along with the daily traffic profile in order to investigate the impact of PA dimensioning on the energy efficiency (EE) of load adaptive massive MIMO system. A multicellular system has been considered where each base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas to serve many single antenna users. For a given number of users in a cell, the optimum number of active antennas maximizing EE has been derived where total BS downlink power is assumed to be fixed. Under the same assumption, the PAs have been dimensioned in a way that maximizes network EE not only for a single time snapshot but over twenty four hours of operation while considering dynamic efficiency characteristics of the PAs. In order to incorporate this daily load profile, each BS has been modeled as an M/G/m/m state dependent queue under the assumption that the network is dimensioned to serve a maximum number of users at a time corresponding to 100% cell traffic load. This load adaptive system along with the optimized PA dimensioning achieves 30% higher energy efficiency compared to a base line system where the BSs always run with a fixed number of active antennas which are most energy efficient while serving 100% traffic load.

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“…These topologies can be seen in commercial service, social service, telecommunication, transportation and manufacturing systems. The M/G/C/C approach has been applied in evacuating occupants from a facility [9,10,11,12,13], flowing vehicles through a road [14,15] and handling materials in an accumulating conveyer system [16].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing and Optimizing Pedestrian Flow through a Single Route in a Topological Network

Khalid¹,

Nawawi²,

Baten³

et al. 2018

IJET

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In emergency cases, people are typically recommended to use the shortest route to minimize their travelling time. This recommendation may however not yield the optimal performance in the long run since the route may be over utilized after a certain point of time and this situation eventually causes heavy blockages. This paper thus measures the pedestrian flow performance through all available single routes in a topological network based on relevant arrival rates. The performance was measured using an M/G/C/C state dependent queuing approach which dynamically models pedestrians' walking speed in relation to their current density in a route. The analysis was based on an imaginary network consisting of various routes and topologies. For each route, its performance in terms of the throughput, blocking probability, expected number of pedestrians and expected travel time was first evaluated. The performance was then compared to each other and also compared to the flow performance if all available routes were utilized. The results indicated that the shortest route did not necessarily generate the optimal throughput and that the utilization of all available routes to flow pedestrians generated better performance. The optimal performance could be obtained if the arrival rate was controlled at a certain level.

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Approximate analysis of M/G/c/c state-dependent queueing networks

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

The evaluation of pedestrians’ behavior using M/G/C/C analytical, weighted distance and real distance simulation models

The evaluation of pedestrians’ behavior using M/G/C/C analytical, weighted distance and real distance simulation models

Dimensioning of PA for massive MIMO system with load adaptive number of antennas

Analyzing and Optimizing Pedestrian Flow through a Single Route in a Topological Network

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