Appropriate technology for domestic wastewater management in under-resourced regions of the world

Abstract

Centralized wastewater management system is the modern day waste management practice, but the high cost and stringent requirements for the construction and operation have made it less attractive in the under-resourced regions of the world. Considering these challenges, the use of decentralized wastewater management system, on-site treatment system, as an appropriate technology for domestic wastewater treatment is hereby advocated. Adopting this technology helps save money, protects home owners' investment, promotes better watershed management, offers an appropriate solution for low-density communities, provides suitable alternatives for varying site conditions and furnishes effective solutions for ecologically sensitive areas. In the light of this, an overview of the on-site treatment scheme, at the laboratory scale, pilot study stage, and field trials was conducted to highlight the operational principles' strength and shortcomings of the scheme. The operational requirements for the establishing and operation of the scheme and best management practice to enhance the performance and sustenance were proffered.

Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

“…Natural waters are contaminated and eventually polluted due to three main inherent processes [5,20]: (i) atmospheric particle dissolution, (ii) rock weathering, and (iii) soil leaching. Increasing human population, industrialization, and the use of fertilizers and manufactured materials (including metal-based ones) have worsened water pollution due to weathering and leaching.…”

“…The next universal classification criterion is the size of the soluble species (small/medium/large). The presence of any contaminant in drinking water is a potential cause for concern as it might be toxic or be transformed into toxic species [4,19,20]. Therefore, the development of efficient and affordable technologies for water treatment in developing countries, and specifically under remote and marginal living conditions, is urgently required.…”

“…Providing universal access to reliable, chemical-and pathogen-free water supplies is the ideal solution to water-borne illness [1,2,4,6,8,9,17,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. This objective has not been achieved by previous efforts, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs; 2000-2015) [20].…”

“…This objective has not been achieved by previous efforts, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs; 2000-2015) [20]. In September 2015, the countries of the world identified goals and set targets to substantially improve the human condition by 2030.…”

Assessing the effectiveness of pollutant removal by macrophytes in a floating wetland for wastewater treatment

“…Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are efficient systems in pollutant removal, with rooted emergent plants growing on the surface of the water instead of being rooted in the sediment (Headley et al 2006;Kanyiginya et al 2010;Oladoja 2016). FTWs are hybrids between ponds and wetlands, and they behave hydraulically similar to storm water detention ponds, while imparting similar treatment processes as a wetland.…”