Approaching the familiar: On the ability of mere exposure to direct approach and avoidance behavior

Jones, Isaiah F.; Young, Steven G.; Claypool, Heather M.

doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9228-7

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2, we can note that regression analyses for ratings of the familiar and unfamiliar leaders yield a positive main effect for familiarity (B = 1.35, p b .001). This pattern is consistent with the view that "mere exposure" does contribute to enhanced perceptions of others' physical attractiveness (e.g., Jones et al, 2011;Zajonc, 1968) independently of the partisan-based interaction effect that is our primary interest.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Familiarity of leaders can be reasonably assumed for followers and, consequently, the "mere exposure" literature (e.g., Jones, Young, & Claypool, 2011;Zajonc, 1968) would suggest that followers in freely-formed organizations will find leaders more attractive as a function of exposure. Without considering questions related to leaders and followers, Ariely (2007, 2011) have recently argued that familiarity tends to decrease attractiveness while Finkel (2011a, 2011b) have endorsed a form of the "mere exposure" view.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beauty is in the in-group of the beholded: Intergroup differences in the perceived attractiveness of leaders

Kniffin

Wansink

Griskevicius

et al. 2014

The Leadership Quarterly

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Physical attractiveness is most commonly presumed to be an exogenous characteristic that influences people's feelings, perceptions, and behavior across myriad types of relationships. We investigate the opposite prediction in which feelings toward other people influence the perceptions of others' attractiveness. Focusing specifically on subordinates' perceptions of leaders of in-groups and out-groups, we examine whether group membership moderates familiarity in relation to ratings of physical attractiveness. Studies 1 and 2 show that subordinates rate the leaders of their ingroups as significantly more physically attractive than comparably familiar out-group leaders. Our findings have relevance for understanding the interactive roles of physical attractiveness within contemporary organizational environments and help to account for variance in interpersonal perceptions on the basis of group membership. In contrast with research traditions that treat physical attractiveness as a static trait, our findings highlight the importance of group membership as a lens for perceiving familiar leaders' physical attractiveness.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beauty is in the in-group of the beholded: Intergroup differences in the perceived attractiveness of leaders

Kniffin

Wansink

Griskevicius

et al. 2014

The Leadership Quarterly

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“…Jones et al (2011) provided evidence in support of this hypothesis. Participants were first shown a series of initially neutral objects (e.g., cups, tools) and later these same (now familiar) objects again intermingled with a set of novel neutral objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…If ME improves attitudes toward associated stimuli, then it might facilitate one’s desire to physically approach said objects. Consistent with this reasoning, preliminary research shows that ME encourages one to approach familiar (relative to novel) stimuli (Jones et al, 2011), offering initial evidence that ME relates to basic approach motivations. Yet, much more needs to be uncovered about the robustness and possible limiting factors of these effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Yet, the implications of these evaluative and attentional effects for approach behaviors are untested. Given the evidence that ME facilitates approach behavior toward previously exposed neutral stimuli (e.g., Jones et al, 2011), and that ME can overcome negative reactions to initially threatening stimuli (e.g., Young and Claypool, 2010), one possibility is that ME to threatening objects will similarly facilitate approach toward them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulus Threat and Exposure Context Modulate the Effect of Mere Exposure on Approach Behaviors

2016

Self Cite

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Mere-exposure (ME) research has found that initially neutral objects made familiar are preferred relative to novel objects. Recent work extends these preference judgments into the behavioral domain by illustrating that mere exposure prompts approach-oriented behavior toward familiar stimuli. However, no investigations have examined the effect of mere exposure on approach-oriented behavior toward threatening stimuli. The current work examines this issue and also explores how exposure context interacts with stimulus threat to influence behavioral tendencies. In two experiments participants were presented with both mere-exposed and novel stimuli and approach speed was assessed. In the first experiment, when stimulus threat was presented in a homogeneous format (i.e., participants viewed exclusively neutral or threatening stimuli), ME potentiated approach behaviors for both neutral and threatening stimuli. However, in the second experiment, in which stimulus threat was presented in a heterogeneous fashion (i.e., participants viewed both neutral and threatening stimuli), mere exposure facilitated approach only for initially neutral stimuli. These results suggest that ME effects on approach behaviors are highly context sensitive and depend on both stimulus valence and exposure context. Further implications of these findings for the ME literature are discussed.

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Toward the use of approach/avoidance tendencies as attitude measures: Individual‐ and group‐level variability of the ingroup bias

Rougier

Michelet

Courset

et al. 2020

Euro J Social Psych

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Approach/avoidance paradigms could constitute an interesting alternative in measuring intergroup attitudes, notably if they overcome one criticism often addressed toward classic indirect tasks: Measuring attitudes beyond the influence of cultural knowledge. Using intergroup stimuli and a population likely to be exposed to a similar cultural knowledge, we observed two informative results regarding this issue:Approach/avoidance effects measured by the Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST) varied across participants (i.e., consistent with the variability of intergroup attitudes; Experiment 1) and both participants of dominant and non-dominant groups produced an ingroup bias (Experiment 2). A last experiment (Experiment 3) showed that compatibility scores in the VAAST predict trustworthiness ratings of the ingroup/outgroup. This experiment also investigated potential differences between the VAAST and the IAT. These results suggest that approach/avoidance tasks (notably the VAAST) could be relevant to assess personal attitudes when it comes to normatively sensitive topics. K E Y W O R D Sapproach/avoidance measure, indirect measure, intergroup attitudes, VAAST

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Approaching the familiar: On the ability of mere exposure to direct approach and avoidance behavior

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Beauty is in the in-group of the beholded: Intergroup differences in the perceived attractiveness of leaders

Beauty is in the in-group of the beholded: Intergroup differences in the perceived attractiveness of leaders

Stimulus Threat and Exposure Context Modulate the Effect of Mere Exposure on Approach Behaviors

Toward the use of approach/avoidance tendencies as attitude measures: Individual‐ and group‐level variability of the ingroup bias

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