Approaches used to enhance transition and retention for newly qualified nurses (NQNs): a rapid evidence assessment

Abstract

Aim: To undertake a rapid evidence assessment of approaches used to enhance nurse transition and retention for NQNs. Design: A rapid evidence assessment. Data sources Electronic databases (CINAHL complete, Academic search premier, Open Grey, ERIC* (Education), Web of Science--Social Science Citation Index and PubMed) Review methods: A rapid evidence assessment (REA) was undertaken to gain an overview of the density and quality of evidence on nurse transition and retention from student to Registered Nurse. Electronic databases were searched, and the full texts of relevant papers were retrieved and classified according to methodology. Studies were appraised using relevant CASP and MMAT tools and a single descriptor of quality: high; medium; or low was assigned to each output. Given the disparity in methods, the lack of randomized trials, results could not be combined; therefore, a descriptive approach was used to synthesise and present the data. Result: Orientation and creating supportive environments were frequently reported as being effective in enhancing transition across a range of studies. A range of methods: quasi-experimental, survey and qualitative were used. Generally speaking the quality of most studies was poor. Conclusions: Despite decades of research into the experiences of NQNs and development of schemes and frameworks to support them during this period, there is little substantive or robust evidence in terms of impact on retention. Further research into the longer-term retention of NQNs is recommended. Longitudinal studies would be beneficial in assessing the efficacy of approaches to enhancing retention. Impact: Nurse managers need to work with education providers to facilitate experiences for final year nursing students to ease transition and also implement effective evidence based practices during the first year of registration and monitor the impact of this on retention. Registration: The study is registered with the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/m5n3y/ Prospero registration of this review is in process