Approaches Toward Targeting Matrix Metalloproteases for Prognosis and Therapies in Gynecological Cancer: MicroRNAs as a Molecular Driver

Abstract

Gene expression can be regulated by small non-coding RNA molecules like microRNAs (miRNAs) which act as cellular mediators necessary for growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. miRNA deregulation is often observed in many human malignancies, acting both as tumor-promoting and suppressing, and their abnormal expression is linked to unrestrained cellular proliferation, metastasis, and perturbation in DNA damage as well as cell cycle. Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) have crucial roles in both growth, and tissue remodeling in normal conditions, as well as in promoting cancer development and metastasis. Herein, we outline an integrated interactive study involving various MMPs and miRNAs and also feature a way in which these communications impact malignant growth, movement, and metastasis. The present review emphasizes on important miRNAs that might impact gynecological cancer progression directly or indirectly via regulating MMPs. Additionally, we address the likely use of miRNA-mediated MMP regulation and their downstream signaling pathways towards the development of a potential treatment of gynecological cancers.

Influence of GO-Antisense miRNA-21 on the Expression of Selected Cytokines at Glioblastoma Cell Lines

“…Specifically, miRNA-21 binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of STAT protein mRNA and inhibits its translation, leading to a decrease in TIMP-2 protein expression. 23 In cancer, miRNA-21 overexpression has been associated with increased MMP protein activity, which promotes tumour invasion and metastasis. 24 To silence the overexpression of miRNA-21 in glioblastoma, antisense miRNA-21 can be administered into cancer cells, leading to the inhibition of miRNA-21 function and the restoration of normal gene expression.…”

Experimental study MMP10 Regulates the lymph node metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

“…Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of protein hydrolases that depend on zinc and calcium ion activity and are capable of degrading multiple components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is critical for maintaining extracellular microenvironmental homeostasis and tissue turnover, and tumor cells must be able to disrupt the surrounding ECM to proliferate, invade, and metastasize 4 . In addition to degrading ECM-related molecules, the matrix and cleavage products of MMP are able to directly regulate cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, as well as chemotaxis, migration and angiogenesis 5 .…”