Approaches to the synthesis of Pd/C catalysts with controllable activity and selectivity in hydrogenation reactions

Carbon-Supported Raney Nickel Catalyst for Acetone Hydrogenation with High Selectivity

“…SEM image shown in Figure 2 illustrates the porous structure of Raney Ni/C as expected. The acidities of both Raney Ni/C and Ni/Al 2 O 3 were measured by NH 3 -TPD and are shown in heteroatoms [31,32]. Therefore, a carbon material with weak acidity can be synthesized via the above-mentioned methods and used for supporting Raney nickel.…”

“…Carbon materials have a variety of advantages (such as stable chemical-mechanical properties, ease with regards to reclamation [20][21][22][23][24]), and have wide applications in the metal catalysts as supports [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Moreover, the pore structures and surface properties of carbon materials can be adjusted by changing the carbon precursor, adjusting the carbonization temperature, and doping heteroatoms [31,32]. Therefore, a carbon material with weak acidity can be synthesized via the above-mentioned methods and used for supporting Raney nickel.…”

Effect of Pd Precursor Salts on the Chemical State, Particle Size, and Performance of Activated Carbon-Supported Pd Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Palm Biodiesel

“…Supported Pd catalysts are commonly used for selective hydrogenation in the refining and petrochemical industry [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. When Pd catalysts are prepared via aqueous impregnation, the Pd precursor salts and corresponding precursor solutions with different pH values are important factors that could be used to control the interactions (e.g., electrostatic or ion-exchange interactions) between the Pd precursors and supporting materials such as alumina [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], silica [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], and activated carbon (AC) [ 20 , 21 ].…”

“…Supported Pd catalysts are commonly used for selective hydrogenation in the refining and petrochemical industry [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. When Pd catalysts are prepared via aqueous impregnation, the Pd precursor salts and corresponding precursor solutions with different pH values are important factors that could be used to control the interactions (e.g., electrostatic or ion-exchange interactions) between the Pd precursors and supporting materials such as alumina [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], silica [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], and activated carbon (AC) [ 20 , 21 ]. The microporous and mesoporous structures, surface properties, and functional groups of supporting materials also play important roles in controlling the dispersion and chemical state of Pd, hence it influences the performance of obtained Pd catalysts [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

“…However, previous works have mainly focused on the chemical states of Pd, and the interaction of Pd and alumina (or silica) in the Pd catalysts supported on the alumina (or silica), and further correlated to the performance of these catalysts in the hydro-refining reactions as aforementioned. The effects of the Pd precursor salts on the chemical states and sizes of Pd in AC-supported Pd catalysts, and the performance (e.g., hydrogenation activity and product selectivity) of these catalysts for the hydrogenation of large oil molecules have not been comprehensively understood to date, particularly selective hydrogenation of poly-FAME components in the commercial BDFs, such as palm-BDF [ 20 , 21 , 34 , 35 ]. A recent study by Numwong et al, indicated that AC-supported Pd catalysts could catalyze hydrogenation of palm-BDF at 120 °C and 0.4 MPa of H 2 [ 34 ].…”