Approaches to the Introduction of Human-Modified Soils in the Updated Version of the Soil Map of Russia, 1 : 2.5 M Scale (by the Example of Moscow Oblast)

Герасимова, М. И.; Ананко, Т. В.; Savitskaya, N. V.

doi:10.1134/s1064229320010081

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A high number of bacteria in anthropogenically disturbed soils was noted in other studies of urban soils carried out both for the Murmansk region and for the middle zone [ 46 ]. Anthropogenically disturbed soils have a surface layer created as a human activity result, produced by mixing, filling, burying or contaminating material of urbanogenic origin [ 47 ]. Urban soils were characterized by a neutral or alkaline reaction and high organic matter content, which is favorable for the development of cultured bacteria [ 46 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Microbial Communities and Biological Activity in Tundra Soils of the Euro-Arctic Region (Rybachy Peninsula, Russia)

et al. 2023

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The relevance of the Arctic regions’ study is rapidly increasing due to the sensitive response of fragile ecosystems to climate change and anthropogenic pressure. The microbiome is an important component that determines the soils’ functioning and an indicator of changes occurring in ecosystems. Rybachy Peninsula is the northernmost part of the continental European Russia and is almost completely surrounded by Barents Sea water. For the first time, the microbial communities of the Entic Podzol, Albic Podzol, Rheic Histosol and Folic Histosol as well as anthropogenically disturbed soils (chemical pollution and human impact, growing crops) on the Rybachy Peninsula were characterized using plating and fluorescence microscopy methods, in parallel with the enzymatic activity of soils. The amount and structure of soil microbial biomass, such as the total biomass of fungi and prokaryote, the length and diameter of fungal and actinomycete mycelium, the proportion of spores and mycelium in the fungal biomass, the number of spores and prokaryotic cells, the proportion of small and large fungal spores and their morphology were determined. In the soils of the peninsula, the fungal biomass varied from 0.121 to 0.669 mg/g soil. The biomass of prokaryotes in soils ranged from 9.22 to 55.45 μg/g of soil. Fungi predominated, the proportion of which in the total microbial biomass varied from 78.5 to 97.7%. The number of culturable microfungi ranged from 0.53 to 13.93 × 103 CFU/g in the topsoil horizons, with a maximum in Entic Podzol and Albic Podzol soils and a minimum in anthropogenically disturbed soil. The number of culturable copiotrophic bacteria varied from 41.8 × 103 cells/g in a cryogenic spot to 5551.3 × 103 cells /g in anthropogenically disturbed soils. The number of culturable oligotrophic bacteria ranged from 77.9 to 12,059.6 × 103 cells/g. Changes in natural soils because of anthropogenic impact and a change in vegetation types have led to a change in the structure of the community of soil microorganisms. Investigated tundra soils had high enzymatic activity in native and anthropogenic conditions. The β-glucosidase and urease activity were comparable or even higher than in the soils of more southern natural zone, and the activity of dehydrogenase was 2–5 times lower. Thus, despite the subarctic climatic conditions, local soils have a significant biological activity upon which the productivity of ecosystems largely depends. The soils of the Rybachy Peninsula have a powerful enzyme pool due to the high adaptive potential of soil microorganisms to the extreme conditions of the Arctic, which allows them to perform their functions even under conditions of anthropogenic interference.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Microbial Communities and Biological Activity in Tundra Soils of the Euro-Arctic Region (Rybachy Peninsula, Russia)

et al. 2023

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“…Countries already with anthropogenic soils included in their classification systems are embarking on major mapping projects. For example, Gerasimova et al (2020) are updating the soil map of the Russian Federation, with the Moscow region being used as a model object for testing the new Russian soil classification system, where much attention is paid to soils changed by human activities. Galbraith and Shaw (2022) developed a practical guide for soil scientists conducting or interpreting a soil survey that includes human-altered and human-transported soils and materials.…”

Section: Since the Original Cjss 2012 Publicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order

Naeth

Leskiw²,

Brierley³

et al. 2023

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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As the global human population and associated anthropogenic activities rapidly increase, so does the areal extent of disturbed soils. Regulatory frameworks must incorporate reclamation criteria and management options for these disturbed soils, requiring consistent descriptions and interpretations. Many human altered soils cannot be classified using the current Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), thus an Anthroposolic order is proposed.

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“…The International Commission for Anthropogenic Soils (ICOMANTH) was established in 1995 in the United States to deepen the study of anthropogenic soils. International scholars have studied the properties, classifications, management, functions, and cartographies of anthropogenic soils [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].Some scholars have explored the investigation and taxonomy schemes of such soils, exploring the rationality of their national taxonomy schemes based on the results of engineering soil classifications, and they have provided suggestions for improvement [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Capra et al summarized numerous suggestions for classifying human-altered and human-transported soil studies [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised Proposed Classifications for Typical Anthropogenic Soils in China

Hao,

Wu,

et al. 2023

Land

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As global industrialization and its associated anthropogenic activities rapidly increase, so too does the areal extent of human-altered soils. The soil classification framework must incorporate the classification schemes of these disturbed soils in order to remediate land. Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) are the most widely used soil classification systems in the world. In this study, 15 typical anthropogenic soil profiles with engineering and technical characteristics from China were selected for a classification study. The aim of this study was to clarify the classifications of these soil profiles in the ST, WRB, Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST), and Geogenetic Soil Classification of China (GSCC), and make references accordingly. The results showed that the WRB can classify these soils as Technosols in the first level. ST can classify most of these soils as subgroups within the different great groups under Entisols, as well as the Human-Altered and Human-Transported Material classes within the soil family differentiae. For Chinese soil classification schemes, there is a large loophole in the CST regarding the classification of anthropogenic soils. Many anthropogenic soils cannot reflect these soils’ artificial and technical naming characteristics. For the CST, revised proposals based on the WRB and ST were proposed. Based on the artificial disturbance of soil layers, a manufactured layer was added to the diagnostic basis. The Artificalic Anthrosols suborder was added, and it can be divided into the Transporti-Artificalic Anthrosols and Alteri-Artificalic Anthrosols groups. The subgroups were defined by their levels of contamination, imperviousness, and artifact content. The “T” layer symbol was added to soil profile descriptions to reflect a specific layer about technology, such as A, E, B, and C, to reflect the main genetic horizons. This revised classification system is proposed for inclusion in the revised CST to account for the very large and expanding extent of disturbed soils in China and to remain current with other global soil taxonomy systems.

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Approaches to the Introduction of Human-Modified Soils in the Updated Version of the Soil Map of Russia, 1 : 2.5 M Scale (by the Example of Moscow Oblast)

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Structure of Microbial Communities and Biological Activity in Tundra Soils of the Euro-Arctic Region (Rybachy Peninsula, Russia)

Structure of Microbial Communities and Biological Activity in Tundra Soils of the Euro-Arctic Region (Rybachy Peninsula, Russia)

Revised proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order

Revised Proposed Classifications for Typical Anthropogenic Soils in China

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