Approaches to the development of gamma-ray lasers

Baldwin, G. C.; Solem, J. C.; Goldanskii, V. I.

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.53.687

Cited by 150 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…The situation is similar to the case of resonance atoms, whose electrons can be transferred between their energy levels by resonance electromagnetic fields. The latter resonance transitions are well studied in the optical and infrared regions [205] and even are considered for the gamma region [206]. Another similarity is with spin systems that allow for realizing transitions between different discrete Zeeman levels [207].…”

Section: Topological Coherent Modesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of symmetry breaking in finite quantum systems

2013

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The review considers the peculiarities of symmetry breaking and symmetry transformations and the related physical effects in finite quantum systems. Some types of symmetry in finite systems can be broken only asymptotically. However, with a sufficiently large number of particles, crossover transitions become sharp, so that symmetry breaking happens similarly to that in macroscopic systems. This concerns, in particular, global gauge symmetry breaking, related to Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity, or isotropy breaking, related to the generation of quantum vortices, and the stratification in multicomponent mixtures. A special type of symmetry transformation, characteristic only for finite systems, is the change of shape symmetry. These phenomena are illustrated by the examples of several typical mesoscopic systems, such as trapped atoms, quantum dots, atomic nuclei, and metallic grains. The specific features of the review are: (i) the emphasis on the peculiarities of the symmetry breaking in finite mesoscopic systems; (ii) the analysis of common properties of physically different finite quantum systems; (iii) the manifestations of symmetry breaking in the spectra of collective excitations in finite quantum systems. The analysis of these features allows for the better understanding of the intimate relation between the type of symmetry and other physical properties of quantum systems. This also makes it possible to predict new effects by employing the analogies between finite quantum systems of different physical nature.

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Section: Topological Coherent Modesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of symmetry breaking in finite quantum systems

2013

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“…I note that other schemes designed to generate tunable gamma radiation sources (both coherent and non-coherent) have been discussed (e.g. [713][714][715][716][717][718]) but none of them have yet been experimentally demonstrated.…”

Section: Bose-einstein Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental progress in positronium laser physics

2018

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Abstract. The field of experimental positronium physics has advanced significantly in the last few decades, with new areas of research driven by the development of techniques for trapping and manipulating positrons using Surko-type buffer gas traps. Large numbers of positrons (typically ≥10 6 ) accumulated in such a device may be ejected all at once, so as to generate an intense pulse. Standard bunching techniques can produce pulses with ns (mm) temporal (spatial) beam profiles. These pulses can be converted into a dilute Ps gas in vacuum with densities on the order of 10 7 cm −3 which can be probed by standard ns pulsed laser systems. This allows for the efficient production of excited Ps states, including long-lived Rydberg states, which in turn facilitates numerous experimental programs, such as precision optical and microwave spectroscopy of Ps, the application of Stark deceleration methods to guide, decelerate and focus Rydberg Ps beams, and studies of the interactions of such beams with other atomic and molecular species. These methods are also applicable to antihydrogen production and spectroscopic studies of energy levels and resonances in positronium ions and molecules. A summary of recent progress in this area will be given, with the objective of providing an overview of the field as it currently exists, and a brief discussion of some future directions.

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“…Unlike the case of atoms, coherent control of nuclear states remains so far challenging [1][2][3]. Typically, the traditional way of shifting nuclei from one internal quantum state to another is by incoherent photon absorption, i.e., incoherent γ-rays (usually bremsstrahlung) illuminate the nuclear sample and excite the nuclei to some high-energy states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-beam setup for coherently controlling nuclear-state population

2013

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The controlled transfer of nuclear state population using two x-ray laser pulses is investigated theoretically. The laser pulses drive two nuclear transitions in a nuclear three-level system facilitating coherent population transfer via the quantum optics technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. To overcome present limitations of the x-ray laser frequency, we envisage accelerated nuclei interacting with two copropagating or crossed x-ray laser pulses in a three-beam setup. We present a systematic study of this setup providing both pulse temporal sequence and laser pulse intensity for optimized control of the nuclear state population. The tolerance for geometrical parameters such as laser beam divergence of the three-beam setup as well as for the velocity spread of the nuclear beam are studied and a two-photon resonance condition to account for experimental uncertainties is deduced. This additional condition gives a less strict requirement for the experimental implementation of the three-beam setup. Present experimental state of the art and future prospects are discussed.

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Approaches to the development of gamma-ray lasers

Cited by 150 publications

References 153 publications

Effects of symmetry breaking in finite quantum systems

Effects of symmetry breaking in finite quantum systems

Experimental progress in positronium laser physics

Three-beam setup for coherently controlling nuclear-state population

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