Approaches to the Chemotherapy of Virus Diseases

Hurst, E. Weston

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1957.tb12281.x

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The first report of a (bacterial) virus inactivation by ethylenimine, the basic aziridine substance, was published in 1955 by Raettig and Uecker Is. Hurst in 1957 x6 was of the opinion that vaccines prepared with AEI as inactivant were antigenically superior to vaccines inactivated with formaldehyde and would guarantee inactivation of the virus. The antigenic superiority was later confirmed also for vaccines inactivated with BE117-19.…”

Section: Inactivation With Aziridinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of viral antigens for vaccine preparation with particular reference to the application of binary ethylenimine

Bahnemann

1990

Vaccine

171

103

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Viral antigens for human and veterinary vaccines are still inactivated with formaldehyde. This is not an ideal inactivant and the problems of formaldehyde inactivation of vaccines are discussed. Vaccines inactivated with aziridines are superior in safety and antigenicity. Aziridines inactivate viruses in a first-order reaction and the inactivation rate and endpoint can be determined. The preparation and application of the aziridine compound binary ethylenimine (BEI) and the necessary conditions for and controls of the inactivation process are described and discussed. A computer program has been written for assistance in the use of BEI for controlled inactivation of viral antigens.

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Section: Inactivation With Aziridinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of viral antigens for vaccine preparation with particular reference to the application of binary ethylenimine

Bahnemann

1990

Vaccine

171

103

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“…As there had been little success in excluding viruses from specific tissues, efforts began to interfere with their tropism for sites other than tumors-especially to the brain, which caused death in a number of cases. Chemical interference with neurotropism had been suggested previously, 44 and although there was some evidence to suggest that drugs and small molecules were somewhat efficacious in the treatment of viral disease, [76][77][78][79] exclusion of viral replication in only specific tissues was regarded as quite difficult and was little investigated.…”

Section: Adaptation Attenuation and Engineering: Building A Better mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Oncolytic Viruses: Genesis to Genetic Engineering

2007

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Since the turn of the nineteenth century, when their existence was first recognized, viruses have attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor destruction. Early case reports emphasized regression of cancers during naturally acquired virus infections, providing the basis for clinical trials where body fluids containing human or animal viruses were used to transmit infections to cancer patients. Most often the viruses were arrested by the host immune system and failed to impact tumor growth, but sometimes, in immunosuppressed patients, infection persisted and tumors regressed, although morbidity as a result of the infection of normal tissues was unacceptable. With the advent of rodent models and new methods for virus propagation, there were numerous attempts through the 1950s and 1960s to force the evolution of viruses with greater tumor specificity, but success was limited and many researchers abandoned the field. Technology employing reverse genetics later brought about a renewal of interest in virotherapy that allowed the generation of more potent, tumor-specific oncolytics. Here, examination of early oncolytic virotherapy before genetic engineering serves to highlight tremendous advances, yet also hints at ways to penetrate host immune defenses, a significant remaining challenge in modern virotherapy research.

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“…mentioned the dissociation of antiviral and antibacterial activity in a spirothiohydantoin (20,065) which is wholly devoid of an effect on bacteria in vitro or in vivo. 1 The present report concerns two other synthetic compounds, therapeutically active against the largest viruses in the chick-embryo and the mouse, yet which at doses near the maximum tolerated fail to influence murine infections with Salmonella dublin or Streptococcus pyogenes. 2 The compounds are: 17,025: 5 -Methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-4 -(5-nitrofuryl) -2 -oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine (I)3 25,187: 4-/3-Hydroxyethylamino -6 -nitro -2 -trichloromethylquinoline (II)4…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%