Approaches to evaluate nutrition of minerals in food

Nutrient release and antioxidant properties of functional sesame paste formulated with flaxseed during in vitro digestion

“…There was variation between the values of DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging and the levels of phenols, which might be attributed to the fact that the conjugation process occurring in the hydrolysis by digestion enzymes leads to different modification of chemical structures (D'Archivio et al ., 2010). Moreover, other paste constituents, such as bioactive peptides, thiamine, pyridoxine, Se, Mg, Ca, Cu and Zn, could be released during digestion, which could also increase the antioxidant activity (Majewska & Lewandowska, 2017; Amani et al ., 2019; Wang et al ., 2021). Previous research reported that the decreasing antioxidation in hydrolysis of kenaf seed oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions after intestinal digestion was attributed to the structure change of phenols and the higher levels of low molecular peptides (Cheong et al ., 2016).…”

“…Flaxseed as the functional ingredient would impart SP, the modified variety of amino acids, peptides and polyphenols, which play a preventive as well as the scavenging role in removing the excess free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative stress (Alexandropoulou et al ., 2006; Majewska & Lewandowska, 2017). Flaxseed and sesame seed contain vital minerals, such as Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg and Se, which have diverse functionalities and potentials in the body's metabolism and homeostasis (Wang et al ., 2021; Amani et al ., 2019; Zhou et al ., 2020; Akhavan & Ghaderi, 2010).…”

Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

“…In vitro digestion systems, modeling, and analytical methods may be used as alternatives, but each has its pros and cons ( King et al., 2000 ; Wood and Tamura, 2001 ; Carbonell-Capella et al., 2014 ; Marze, 2017 ). Hence, as indicated by Wang et al. (2021) , an ideal method for determining all micronutrients is not feasible but rather each method under appropriate procedure can be effective for minimizing the differences between simulated results and reality.…”

“…Advances in next-generation sequencing including genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) and development on bioinformatics resources to process large data sets, both genotyping and phenotyping, to store, retrieve, analyze, interpret, and share have facilitated researchers to identify abundant SNP-based markers, assess marker–trait associations (MTAs) through genome-wide association studies, develop high-density genetic maps, and fine-map to clone and functionally characterize genes. Diversity germplasm panels and advanced generations’ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) including those from multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) and nested association mapping (NAM) panels in most crops serve as enduring resources to genetic analysis of complex traits ( Perea et al., 2016 ; Arrones et al., 2020 ; Jan van Dijk et al., 2021 ; Wang et al., 2021 ; Zhao et al., 2021 ).…”

“…OsNAS2 upregulated biosynthesis of NA and DMA involved in metal transport; OsNAS2 plants accumulated higher concentrations of Fe and Zn in endosperm and crease tissues of wheat grain; Fe bioavailability enhanced in white flour Transgenic rice expressing AtNRAMP3 together with AtNAS1 and PvFER, or expressing only AtNRAMP3 and PvFER together increased Fe and Zn close to recommended levels; maximum when AtNRAMP3, AtNAS1, and PvFER expressed together (Fe: 12.67 mg g −1 SDW; Zn: 45.60 mg g −1 SDW) in polished grains, >90% of the recommended iron increase in endosperm OsHMA7 261 allele increased grain Fe and Zn but with significant yield penalty; overexpression of OsHMA7 284 allele resulted in lines with either high-grain Fe and Zn contents and tolerant to Fe and Zn deficiency or low-grain Fe and Zn contents and sensitive to Fe and Zn deficiency; knocking down expression of OsHMA7 by RNAi silencing resulted in lines with altered domestication traits and increased sensitivity to Fe and Zn deficiencyArrones et al, 2020;Jan van Dijk et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021; …”