Approaches to Detecting Immunotoxic Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Humans

Tryphonas, Helen

doi:10.2307/3454650

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…People exposed to air pollutants have an increased danger to experience serious health effects. These health effects can include damage to immune system too (3,9,13). The literature suggests that also alcohol type and consumption intensity differently affect immune system functions in men and women (5,6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Human Immune System Functions in Relation to Environmental Contamination, Gender and Alcohol Consumption Intensity

Kazbarienė¹,

Kalibatas²,

Krikstaponiene³

et al. 2007

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYEnvironmental contamination and use of alcohol may be a cause of immune system disturbances and various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of different alcohol consumption intensity on the immune condition of women and men living in a district contaminated with industrial siftings (Trakai) and in a relatively clean district (Širvintos).The immune system parameters were investigated in 282 Trakai district inhabitants (127 males and 155 females) and in 282 Širvintos district inhabitants (129 males and 153 females). Due to gender and alcohol consumption intensity the immune system functions were evaluated in the following groups: abstainers, light alcohol users, moderate alcohol users and alcohol abusers.Absolute number of CD5 + , CD4 + , concentration of IgA in blood serum and some other investigated indices of light alcohol users were signifi cantly increased in the male group of Trakai district in comparison with females of this district. However, in the same group of light alcohol drinkers of Širvintos district, males had lower indices (CD5 + , CD4 + , CD4 + /CD8 + , IgM) than females. Immune system parameters of males who were light and moderate alcohol users in Trakai district were stimulated in comparison with the same alcohol consumption groups of males in Širvintos district.Our investigations showed that combination of environmental pollution and different intensity of alcohol consumption cause various alterations of immune system functions in males and females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Human Immune System Functions in Relation to Environmental Contamination, Gender and Alcohol Consumption Intensity

Kazbarienė¹,

Kalibatas²,

Krikstaponiene³

et al. 2007

Cent Eur J Public Health

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“…The DTH response is a T-cell and macrophage depen- dent immune response to antigens (22). The antigen used in this study to induce the DTH response in mice was SRBC.…”

Section: Effects Of Lamotrigine On Immune System Parameters In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lamotrigine in BALB/c mice

et al. 2017

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Modulation of the immune system has recently been shown to be involved in the pharmacological effects of old antiepileptic drugs and in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Therefore, the most recent guidelines for immunotoxicological evaluation of drugs were consulted to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of lamotrigine, a newer antiepileptic drug, in BALB/c mice. These included the in vivo effects of lamotrigine on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigens, hemagglutination titer assays and hematological changes. In vitro effects of lamotrigine on ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion were assessed. The results showed that lamotrigine treatment significantly increased the DTH response to SRBC in the mouse model of this study. This was accompanied by a significant increase in relative monocyte and neutrophil counts and in spleen cellularity. Lamotrigine significantly inhibited ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation in vitro and it significantly inhibited IL-2 and TNF-α secretion in ConA-stimulated splenocytes. In conclusion, the results demonstrated significant immunomodulatory effects of lamotrigine in BALB/c mice. These data could expand the understanding of lamotrigine-induced adverse reactions and its role in modulating the immune system in epilepsy.

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“…Various organizations (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD, U.S. National Toxicology Program, NTP, Dutch National Institute of Public and the Environment, RIVM, US Food and Drug Administration, FDA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA) that conduct testing for immunotoxicity have proposed different approaches to immunotoxicity testing that include validated immune testing protocols for both animals, as reviewed by Luster et al [1988] and Van Loveren and Vos [1989], and humans, as reviewed by Tryphonas, 2001. OECD have proposed guidelines for testing the toxicity of chemicals (guideline number 407) that were adopted in many countries.…”

Section: Immunotoxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxic effects of chemicals: A matrix for occupational and environmental epidemiological studies

Veraldi¹,

Costantini²,

Bolejack³

et al. 2006

American J Industrial Med

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Background Many biological and chemical agents have the capacity to alter the way the immune system functions in human and animals. This study evaluates the immunotoxicity of 20 substances used widely in work environments. Methods A systematic literature search on the immunotoxicity of 20 chemicals was performed. The first step was to review literature on immunotoxicity testing and testing schemes adopted for establishing immunotoxicity in humans. The second step consisted of providing a documentation on immunotoxicity of substances that are widely used in work environment, by building tables for each chemical of interest (benzene, trichloroethylene, PAHs, crystalline silica, diesel exhausts, welding fumes, asbestos, styrene, formaldehyde, toluene, vinyl chloride monomer, tetrachloroethylene, chlorophenols, 1,3‐butadiene, mineral oils, P‐dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, xylene, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, ethylene oxide). The third step was the classification of substances; an index (strong, intermediate, weak, nil) was assigned on the basis of the evidence of toxicity and type of immunotoxic effects (immunosuppression, autoimmunity, hypersensitivity) on the basis of the immune responses. Finally substances were assigned a score of immunotoxic power. Results Tables have been produced that include information for the 20 substances of interest, based on 227 animal studies and 94 human studies. Each substance was assigned an index of immunotoxic evidence, a score of immunotoxic power and type of immunotoxic effect. Conclusions This matrix can represent a tool to identify chemicals with similar properties concerning the toxicity for the immune system, and to interpret epidemiological studies on immune‐related diseases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Approaches to Detecting Immunotoxic Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Humans

Cited by 18 publications

References 66 publications

Alterations of Human Immune System Functions in Relation to Environmental Contamination, Gender and Alcohol Consumption Intensity

Alterations of Human Immune System Functions in Relation to Environmental Contamination, Gender and Alcohol Consumption Intensity

Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lamotrigine in BALB/c mice

Immunotoxic effects of chemicals: A matrix for occupational and environmental epidemiological studies

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