Perhaps the earliest account of child psychotherapy recorded in the scholarly literature was Jean-Marc Itard's attempts to "civilize" the "wild boy of Aveyron" (1799/1932). The child, found living in the wild, was estimated to be between 10 and 12 years old and to have been on his own since the age of 2 or 3. Itard was only 25 years old at the time, but he disagreed with the diagnosis of congenital idiocy assigned by Pinel, Itard's teacher. The intensive efforts Itard invested in working with the boy he named Victor over the next 5% years laid the foundation for early work with severely disturbed children.Itard used an intensive approach (i.e., bringing the child into his home and devoting many hours to working with him daily) while trying to establish interpersonal contact and teach basic communication skills to the child, whose behavior fit the description of what might today be called autism. Victor made promising progress during his first year with Itard, learning to speak some words and to write some with chalk. Although Victor lived to the age of 40, he showed little progress beyond the gains of his initial year.