Approaches on PCL/macaíba biocomposites ‐ mechanical, thermal, morphological properties and crystallization kinetics

Abstract

Biocomposites based on macaíba shell (MS) and Polycaprolactone (PCL) were melting processed in this work; seeking better compatibility between PCL, MS was chemically treated with maleic anhydride (MA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), in addition, PCL‐g‐MA was used as compatibilizer. The biocomposites' performance was evaluated through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), contact angle, water absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the tensile experiments were executed according to ASTM D638 and the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics was performed from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans using Pseudo‐Avrami, Ozawa, and Mo models. Chemical treated and compatibilized biocomposites presented better tensile behavior with no significant changes in the thermal stability. Higher HDT was verified on PCL/MS biocompounds due to the MS hardening effect, whereas higher contact angle and water absorption were computed for PCL/MS most due to new ways origin for the water get in as provided by MS. Related to crystallization kinetics Ozawa as displayed in the Appendix S1 failed to fit PCL/MS kinetics whereas Pseudo‐Avrami and Momay be safely used form processing purposes. Summing up, PCL/MS biocomposites were carefully investigated and gathered information may be promptly used in sundry applications as well as be added to the literature database.

Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polycaprolactone Green and Hybrid Biocomposites for Various Advanced Applications

“…The hybridization of biocomposites material is the key to designing new components with good strength at a relatively lower cost [ 110 ]. The mechanical properties of PCL hybrid biocomposites gives an advantage of good strength at a lower cost, which can be used for applications that were not possible by using the green biocomposites [ 144 , 145 , 146 ].…”

Enhanced miscibility of PBAT/PLA/lignin upon γ‐irradiation and effects on the non‐isothermal crystallization

“…An excellent fit between the experimental and theoretical of Pseudo‐Avrami data is observed and it can be affirmed that the model was able to satisfactorily predict the melt crystallization of PBAT/PLA and PBAT/PLA/lignin 30 KGy, with subtle deviations as already mentioned at the beginning and crystallization ending. These deviations are possibly due to restrictions on nucleation (whereas more time/energy are required for irradiated lignin) and spherulites growth during secondary crystallization 53 …”

“…These deviations are possibly due to restrictions on nucleation (whereas more time/energy are required for irradiated lignin) and spherulites growth during secondary crystallization. 53 Figure 9c,d shows the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental data for PBAT/PLA and for PBAT/PLA/lignin 30 KGy. In PBAT/PLA, there is deviation between À9 ≤ ΔX ≤ 2, while for PBAT/PLA/lignin 30 KGy the deviation range is À2 ≤ ΔX ≤ À 1, the highest deviations were obtained for PBAT/PLA/lignin, reaching À14%, compounds with irradiated lignin at 60 and 90 KGy reached maximum deviation of À8% and À2%, respectively, (These data are presented in the Supplementary Information S1) indicating that the model fits better when irradiated lignin is added due to irradiation altering lignin chemical structure, increasing functional groups number, promoting greater intermolecular interaction, and improving miscibility and compatibility, as seen in the FTIR results, Figure 3 and further on in the FEG-MEV results, Figure 15.…”

Biopolyethylene/Morinda citrifolia cellulosic biocomposites: The impact of chemical crosslinking and PE‐g‐MA compatibilizer

“…[51] The intense band at 1029 cm À1 corresponds to the elongation of the C OH bond of cellulose. [52,53] The peaks at 1417 and 1240 cm À1 represent the C H deformation of lignin and the C O stretching of the F I G U R E 2 Noni flour particle size distribution aryl group derived from the aromatic ring, [54,55] respectively. The bands at 2923 and 2856 cm À1 indicate the C H elongation of the alkyl and methylene groups.…”