Approaches of dengue control: vaccine strategies and future aspects

Abstract

Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), affects millions of people worldwide every year. This virus has two distinct life cycles, one in the human and another in the mosquito, and both cycles are crucial to be controlled. To control the vector of DENV, the mosquito Aedes aegypti, scientists employed many techniques, which were later proved ineffective and harmful in many ways. Consequently, the attention shifted to the development of a vaccine; researchers have targeted the E protein, a surface protein of the virus and the NS1 protein, an extracellular protein. There are several types of vaccines developed so far, such as live attenuated vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, viral vectored vaccines, DNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines. Along with these, scientists are exploring new strategies of developing improved version of the vaccine by employing recombinant DNA plasmid against NS1 and also aiming to prevent the infection by blocking the DENV life cycle inside the mosquitoes. Here, we discussed the aspects of research in the field of vaccines until now and identified some prospects for future vaccine developments.

Seropositivity to Dengue virus (DENV) in three neighborhoods in the periphery of a city with a recent history of outbreaks in Argentina: what can we learn from unreported cases?

“…This study highlights the importance of population screening for estimating dengue seroprevalence, as it provides essential data on risk distribution to plan primary and secondary prevention strategies and to define priorities in healthcare resource allocation. The presence of asymptomatic or unreported dengue cases should be considered when defining priorities for implementing vaccination campaigns [4].…”

“…The presence of asymptomatic or unreported dengue cases should be considered when defining priorities for implementing vaccination campaigns [4].…”

“…Dengue is a disease of mandatory notification in Argentina [7]. However, in many cases, the infection is asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic, and sometimes symptoms are confused with other infectious diseases, leading to biases in the record of the community circulation [4,7]. Inadequate access to healthcare in marginalized sectors of society, combined with geographic accessibility to healthcare facilities, can determine the possibilities of getting timely testing and diagnosis [8,9].…”

“…aegyptis and Ae. albopictus can breed inside water containers stored within houses and in the peridomiciliary environment [3,4]. The disease dynamics presents a marked seasonality, with an increase in cases during warm and humid months where Aedes mosquitoes have the higher activity [3].…”

“…Dengue fever, caused by dengue virus (DENV serotypes 1-4) and transmitted by the bites of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, is a vector-borne EID that has spread to urban environments in subtropical and temperate regions of the world [3,4]. In these settings, Ae.…”