Approach-withdrawal and cerebral asymmetry: Emotional expression and brain physiology: I.

Davidson, Richard J.; Ekman, Paul; Saron, Clifford D.; Senulis, Joseph A.; Friesen, Wallace V.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.330

Cited by 1,499 publications

(1,041 citation statements)

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“…In addition, Davidson (1984), 1995) Davidson et al (1990);Fox (1991) has emphasized the role of anterior cortical areas on emotion on the basis of observations of patients with anterior damages and the measure of alpha desynchronization. The present experiment could not replicate these ®ndings of pronounced alpha desynchronization over left anterior regions for positive and right hemisphere anterior alpha desynchronization for negative valence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Davidson (1984Davidson ( , 1995; Davidson et al (1990). Fox (1991) have suggested a model in which withdraw behavior is linked to anterior regions of the right hemisphere and approach behavior to anterior regions of the left hemisphere (Davidson, 1984(Davidson, , 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, we used a large sample of validated emotional picture material, the International Affective Picture System (IAPS; Lang et al, 1997) to avoid habituation. In addition to the investigation of the valence hypothesis, we investigated for gamma band effects at frontal leads to test the anterior/posterior intrahemi-spheric hypothesis (Davidson, 1984;Davidson et al, 1990;Fox, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of affective pictures modulates right-hemispheric gamma band EEG activity

Müller

Keil

Gruber

et al. 1999

Clinical Neurophysiology

252

132

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The present study was designed to test differential hemispheric activation induced by emotional stimuli in the gamma band range (30±90 Hz). Subjects viewed slides with differing emotional content (from the International Affective Picture System). A signi®cant valence by hemisphere interaction emerged in the gamma band from 30±50 Hz. Other bands, including alpha and beta, did not show such an interaction. Previous hypotheses suggested that the left hemisphere is more involved in positive affective processing as compared to the right hemisphere, while the latter dominates during negative emotions. Contrary to this expectation, the 30±50 Hz band showed relatively more power for negative valence over the left temporal region as compared to the right and a laterality shift towards the right hemisphere for positive valence. In addition, emotional processing enhanced gamma band power at right frontal electrodes regardless of the particular valence as compared to processing neutral pictures. The extended distribution of speci®c activity in the gamma band may be the signature of cell assemblies with members in limbic, temporal and frontal neocortical structures that differ in spatial distribution depending on the particular type of emotional processing. q

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of affective pictures modulates right-hemispheric gamma band EEG activity

Müller

Keil

Gruber

et al. 1999

Clinical Neurophysiology

252

132

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“…Once those motivational (and affective) states were created, the participants' brain activity was recorded by EEG. Results from over 70 studies have supported this analysis (see review by Coan & Allen, 2004).For example, to create avoidance motivation and negative affect, participants in one study were exposed to repellant film clips (Davidson, Ekman, Saron, Senulis, & Friesen, 1990), those in another study were confronted with threats of punishment (Sobotka, Davidson, & Senulis, 1992). In both cases, participants displayed elevations in right (compared with left) anterior cortical activation.…”

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confidence: 87%

Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications.

Carver¹,

Harmon‐Jones²

2009

Psychological Bulletin

1,374

1,165

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The authors review a range of evidence concerning the motivational underpinnings of anger as an affect, with particular reference to the relationship between anger and anxiety or fear. The evidence supports the view that anger relates to an appetitive or approach motivational system, whereas anxiety relates to an aversive or avoidance motivational system. This evidence appears to have 2 implications. One implication concerns the nature of anterior cortical asymmetry effects. The evidence suggests that such asymmetry reflects direction of motivational engagement (approach vs. withdrawal) rather than affective valence. The other implication concerns the idea that affects form a purely positive dimension and a purely negative dimension, which reflect the operation of appetitive and aversive motivational systems, respectively. The evidence reviewed does not support that view. The evidence is, however, consistent with a discrete-emotions view (which does not rely on dimensionality) and with an alternative dimensional approach.Keywords: anger, approach, appetitive system, avoidance, threat system Recent years have seen a surge of interest in emotional experience (e.g., Barrett, Niedenthal, & Winkielman, 2005;Dalgleish & Power, 1999;Davidson, Scherer, & Goldsmith, 2003;Frijda, 2007; Lane & Nadel, 2000;Lewis & Haviland-Jones, 2000;Ortony, Clore, & Collins, 1988;Panksepp, 1998; Rottenberg & Johnson, 2007; Scherer, Schorr, & Johnstone, 2001). Views of emotion vary considerably, in several respects. As one example, some people view emotions as a set of distinct modular entities, often considered basic emotions (e.g., Ekman, 1992;Izard, 1991;Izard & Ackerman, 2000;Levenson, 1994Levenson, , 1999Panksepp, 1998;Roseman, 1991). Others hold that affects are best understood by reference to underlying dimensions (e.g., Barrett, 2006;Cacioppo, Gardner, & Berntson, 1999;Carver & Scheier, 1998;Davidson, 1998;Gray, 1994a;Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1992Russell, 2003;Russell & Carroll, 1999a, 1999bWatson, Wiese, Vaidya, & Tellegen, 1999;Yik, Russell, & Barrett, 1999). AngerThis article focuses on one specific affect-anger. Specifically, it addresses the relationship of this affect to broad motivational tendencies of approach and avoidance, and it considers implications of that relationship for two areas of thought and research. We begin with a few words about definitions.Sometimes the terms affect, feeling, and emotion are treated as interchangeable (e.g., Isen, 2000); sometimes they are distinguished from each other (e.g., Fredrickson, 2001;. Affect is generally used to imply a hedonic experience, a sense of valence, a subjective sense of positivity or negativity arising from an event. When many use the word emotion, it is with that sense in mind. As Frijda (2000) put it, "For many theorists, the essence of emotion is feeling, and notably 'affect,' here used in the sense of a feeling of pleasure or pain . . . ." (p. 63). As Ortony et al. (1988) put it, emotions are ". . valenced reactions to events, agents, or objects . ." (p. 13). T...

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“…The pattern of resting frontal EEG asymmetry 1 in the alpha frequency band, the relative imbalance of bioelectrical cerebral activity recorded from the left frontal scalp locations and the corresponding right locations, is believed to reflect affective style and motivational bias in both children and adults (Tomarken & Keener, 1998;Sutton & Davidson, 1997;Fox, 1991;Davidson et al, 1990;Tomarken et al, 1990;Davidson & Tomarken, 1989;Davidson, 1988). Left EEG asymmetry refers to positive EEG asymmetry values indicating greater left relative to right brain activity and right EEG asymmetry refers to negative (and zero) EEG asymmetry values yielding the opposite activity pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term stability of electroencephalographic asymmetry and power in 3 to 9 year-old children

Vuga

Fox

Cohn

et al. 2008

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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We investigated test-retest stability of resting EEG asymmetry and power in the alpha frequency range across a 0.6 -to 3-year interval in 125 children (57 girls and 68 boys) for two age groups, 87 preschool children (3 to 5 year-olds) and 38 school-age children (6 to 9 year-olds). Children were from families with a parent's history of unipolar or bipolar depression (36 girls and 43 boys) or control families with no parent history of depression nor any other psychiatric disorder (21 girls and 25 boys). Frontal EEG asymmetry stability was low to moderate; intraclass correlations ranged from zero to 0.48 in the eyes-open condition, and from 0.19 to 0.45 in the eyes-closed condition. Also, parietal EEG asymmetry was low to moderate; intraclass correlations ranged from 0.21 to 0.52 in the eyes-open condition and from 0.27 to 0.72 in the eyes-closed condition. Stability of EEG asymmetry was not related to age, sex of the child, or parent's history of mood disorder. Frontal and parietal EEG power appeared moderately to highly stable. Intraclass correlations were between 0.65 and 0.86 in the eyes-open condition and between 0.52 and 0.90 in the eyes-closed condition. Although stability of EEG power was not statistical significantly different between preschool and school-age children, it consistently showed higher stability values in school-age children than in preschool children. Stability in school-aged children approached values as has been reported for adults. The findings provide partial support to the concept of frontal EEG asymmetry as a trait marker in childhood.

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Approach-withdrawal and cerebral asymmetry: Emotional expression and brain physiology: I.

Cited by 1,499 publications

References 54 publications

Processing of affective pictures modulates right-hemispheric gamma band EEG activity

Processing of affective pictures modulates right-hemispheric gamma band EEG activity

Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications.

Long-term stability of electroencephalographic asymmetry and power in 3 to 9 year-old children

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