Approach to the Design of Asymmetric Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With the Maximum Achievable Impedance-Transformation Ratio

Wincza, Krzysztof; Gruszczyński, Sławomir; Kuta, S.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2012.2187065

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Combining (12) and (20) we obtain (8). Having found x we can derive (10) by combining (20) and (17).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The characteristic impedances of the directly fed line Z L11 , Z L12 and coupled line Z L21 , Z L22 are equal to the impedances found from (1) for the assumed operational bandwidth and terminating impedances Z T1 , Z T2 = Z T3 , Z T4 . As it was shown in [7,8], the achievable transformation ratio in a coupled-line section is limited…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The characteristic impedances of the directly fed line Z L11 , Z L12 and coupled line Z L21 , Z L22 are equal to the impedances found from (1) for the assumed operational bandwidth and terminating impedances Z T1 , Z T2 = Z T3 , Z T4 . As it was shown in [7, 8], the achievable transformation ratio in a coupled‐line section is limited

\begin{matrix} right leftthickmathspace.5em \\ R \leq \frac{1}{k^{2}} \\ k = \frac{k_{normalL} + k_{normalC}}{2}, k_{L} = \frac{L_{m}}{\sqrt{L_{11} L_{22}}}, k_{normalC} = \frac{C_{m}}{\sqrt{C_{11} C_{22}}} \end{matrix}

where C jj and L jj ( j = 1, 2) are the per‐unit‐length self‐capacitance and self‐inductance of line j , C m and L m are per‐unit‐length mutual capacitance and inductance. Therefore, in case of a two‐section 3 dB directional coupler, the impedance transforming ratio R needs to be lower than 2, since in such a directional coupler coupling k > 0.707 (>3 dB) is required for the tightly coupled section [11, 12].…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1. The idea of coupled-line impedance transforming circuits has been presented in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. At first, in [1] it has been shown that each line of an asymmetric coupled-line section can be terminated with different impedances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that such directional couplers are suited for application in balanced circuits in which low‐impedance two‐ports are applied, and in this case equal‐split directional couplers ( C = 3 dB) are of interest. The proposed in [7, 8] single‐section impedance transforming directional couplers feature relatively narrow operational bandwidth. On the other hand, it is well known that the operational bandwidth of coupled‐line directional couplers can be increased when multisection directional couplers are designed [10–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two‐section asymmetric coupled‐line impedance transforming directional couplers

Wincza

Piekarz

Gruszczyński

2015

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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Two-section impedance transforming directional couplers have been proposed. It has been shown that such asymmetric coupled-line directional couplers can provide equal power split between the coupled and transmission ports as well as impedance transformation in the same broad frequency range, as classic two-section coupled-line couplers. The theoretical analysis has been presented and appropriate formulas allowing for calculation the required per-unit-length parameters of broadband two-section impedance transforming couplers have been derived. Moreover, it has been shown that the impedance transformation ratio of the presented coupler can be increased by the appropriate modification of the two-section coupled-line directional coupler in a way that the directly fed and coupled-line transformation ratios are different. The proposed modification allows for the design of broadband impedance transforming directional couplers with increased transformation ratio over the limit fixed by the coupling coefficient of the tightly coupled section and having at the same time acceptable impedance match and isolation between the respective ports. The presented theory has been confirmed by the measurements of a two-section 3 dB impedance transforming directional coupler having bandwidth f u /f l = 3:1 and impedance transformation ratio R = 2.

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“…Combining (12) and (20) we obtain (8). Having found x we can derive (10) by combining (20) and (17).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The characteristic impedances of the directly fed line Z L11 , Z L12 and coupled line Z L21 , Z L22 are equal to the impedances found from (1) for the assumed operational bandwidth and terminating impedances Z T1 , Z T2 = Z T3 , Z T4 . As it was shown in [7, 8], the achievable transformation ratio in a coupled‐line section is limited

\begin{matrix} right leftthickmathspace.5em \\ R \leq \frac{1}{k^{2}} \\ k = \frac{k_{normalL} + k_{normalC}}{2}, k_{L} = \frac{L_{m}}{\sqrt{L_{11} L_{22}}}, k_{normalC} = \frac{C_{m}}{\sqrt{C_{11} C_{22}}} \end{matrix}

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Two‐section asymmetric coupled‐line impedance transforming directional couplers

Wincza

Piekarz

Gruszczyński

2015

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

Self Cite

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Broadband CMOS unidirectional coupler using differential mode suppression

Tirmanwar,

Ghosh

2024

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This paper describes the design of a broadband, unidirectional coupler designed using complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The proposed coupler achieves high isolation by using a differential mode suppressor, employing a differential splitter, followed by a common mode combiner. An intermediary network is used to match all stages to the ports. The coupler, fabricated using United Microelectronics Corporation 180 nm RF/MM technology, achieves better than 15 dB isolation from 0.2 to 1.5 GHz. For this band, it achieves a near flat coupling of 5 dB. The net coupler area is mm2. Such broadband unidirectional couplers can be used in network analyzer testsets.

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Impedance transforming directional couplers with increased achievable transformation ratio

Sorocki¹,

Piekarz²,

Wincza³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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Novel impedance transforming directional couplers are proposed in which the achievable impedance transformation ratio is increased above the previously reported limit related to coupling of the coupled-line sections. The proposed couplers consist of two coupled-line sections between which uncoupled sections of left-handed lines are connected. The presented concept has been verified by circuit simulations as well as by measurements of the manufactured 3-dB coupled-line impedance transforming directional coupler operating at f0 = 1.2 GHz and featuring twofold increased impedance transformation ratio R = 4.

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Approach to the Design of Asymmetric Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With the Maximum Achievable Impedance-Transformation Ratio

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Two‐section asymmetric coupled‐line impedance transforming directional couplers

Two‐section asymmetric coupled‐line impedance transforming directional couplers

Broadband CMOS unidirectional coupler using differential mode suppression

Impedance transforming directional couplers with increased achievable transformation ratio

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