Approach to the analysis and comparison of national innovation systems on the example of Russia and other countries

Abstract

Currently, there is a tendency to evaluate the innovation system at the national level. Qualitative inter-country comparison requires quantitative and qualitative assessment of the factors influencing the innovation activity of the region. The purpose of this work was to justify quantitatively the impact of science and business on the innovation activity of the region. International patent applications are selected as an indicator reflecting the result of innovation activity in the region. Statistical hypothesis testing is carried out in this paper. The dependence between the results of innovation activity and innovation space of the region is confirmed by the methods of econometric modeling. The innovation space of the region is described in the work as a set of potential links between business and organizations that create new knowledge. The study used the official statistics of the regions of such countries as Russia, Switzerland, USA, China and Japan. Estimates of parameters of national and regional innovation systems of the Russian Federation, Switzerland, the USA, China and Japan are received by methods of econometric modeling. It is shown that the assessment of elasticity and technical efficiency of the innovation space of the region indicate the development of the innovation system. In the considered time range it is established that the Pareto-optimality property is possessed by the parameters of innovation systems of Japan, China and Switzerland. Estimates of the technical efficiency of the innovation space for a total of 190 regions according to 2012, a comparative analysis of the countries on the basis of the estimates. The paper provides a rationale for the use of parametric descriptions of national and regional innovation systems. This description can be used for cross-country comparison of the impact of science and business on the results of innovation activity, clustering of national innovation systems.

Economy Digitalization in Germany and Russia: Ethical Aspect

“…Secondly, the approach to the problems associated with digitalization can only be individual, and not legally stereotyped, taking into account the age, professional, regional characteristics of the individual within the framework of a functioning ecosystem [14]. Thus, despite the fact that digitalization is becoming a top priority for many heads of Russian companies and, of course, one of the most fashionable words in Russia at the moment, it is legitimate to talk about the existence of an ethical cluster in the economic ecosystem of Russia as a whole and within the framework of digitalization [15].…”

Assessment of the potential of distributed energy technologies as a compensation for the need for generating capacities until 2035

“…Однако для формирования более точной оценки изменения спроса на электроэнергию ИНЭИ РАН воспользовался комплексной моделью «SCANER» с уточнением макроэкономических параметров разных видов отраслей, деятельности субъектов, динамики производства и инвестиций в РФ, ввиду отсутствия требуемых данных в отчете МЭР [1]. Результат прогноза для двух сценариев базового и консервативного развития представлен на рисунках 1, 2.…”

“…На рисунке 4 представлены графики падения установленной мощности теплоэлектростанций по ОЭС российской энергосистемы, которые не требуют вложения инвестиций и капитала после отработанного паркового ресурса и в ожидании оценки дополнительного на 10 или 20 лет, ввиду возрастающей неопределенности режимов эксплуатации энергетических блоков станций. Учет данных до 2020 года принимается исходя из материалов Схемы и программы развития Единой энергосистемы России на период 2018-2024 годов (далее СИПР), а дальнейший прогноз согласно данным ИНЭИ РАН [1]. Однако, данный потенциал использовать в случае реализации изменений сложившихся практик и нормативного регулирования в электроэнергетической отрасли.…”