Approach and avoidance learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Endraß, Tanja; Kloft, Lisa; Kaufmann, Christian; Kathmann, Norbert

doi:10.1002/da.20772

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Our findings showed a significant positive learning bias in both groups, which is in contrast with previous studies reporting equivalent performance on positive and negative RL (e.g., Frank et al, 2004, 2007b, Solomon et al, 2011; but see Endrass et al, 2011; Simon et al, 2010). We do not have a definite explanation to this discrepancy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The results are generally interpreted as reflective of the function of the PFC, and in particular the OFC (e.g., Endrass et al, 2011; Solomon et al, 2011; Waltz et al, 2007). The representations in the PFC can be rapidly updated, but they are also fragile and are overwritten quickly, which stands in contrast with the slowly built but stable representations in the basal ganglia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probabilistic selection task was designed after a biologically grounded computational model, and it has been used with a variety of patient groups and healthy individuals to examine both frontal and striatal processes in RL (e.g., Chase et al, 2009; Endrass et al, 2011; Frank et al, 2004; Frank et al, 2007a, 2007b; Simon, Howard, & Howard, 2010; Solomon et al, 2011; Waltz, Frank, Robinson, & Gold, 2007). Therefore, data from this task allow for interpretations with respect to a well-specified model of RL that can provide insight into component mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforcement learning in young adults with developmental language impairment

Lee

Tomblin

2012

Brain and Language

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The aim of the study was to examine reinforcement learning (RL) in young adults with developmental language impairment (DLI) within the context of a neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia-dopamine system (Frank et al., 2004). Two groups of young adults, one with DLI and the other without, were recruited. A probabilistic selection task was used to assess how participants implicitly extracted reinforcement history from the environment based on probabilistic positive/negative feedback. The findings showed impaired RL in individuals with DLI, indicating an altered gating function of the striatum in testing. However, they exploited similar learning strategies as comparison participants at the beginning of training, reflecting relatively intact functions of the prefrontal cortex to rapidly update reinforcement information. Within the context of Frank’s model, these results can be interpreted as evidence for alterations in the basal ganglia of individuals with DLI.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforcement learning in young adults with developmental language impairment

Lee

Tomblin

2012

Brain and Language

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“…Similarly, while healthy controls are normally biased toward unrealistic optimism (i.e., predicting they will experience positive events), this positive bias is absent in OCD (Moritz & Jelinek, 2009). Consistent with these results, recent research has focused on abnormalities in reward-related behaviors among patients with OCD such that the pursuit of reward has been found to be impaired in patients with OCD resulting in accompanying anhedonia (Endrass, Kloft, Kaufmann, & Kathmann, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Design and rationale for a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of aerobic exercise for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Abrantes

McLaughlin

Greenberg

et al. 2012

Mental Health and Physical Activity

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Background Over the last two decades very few advances have been made in the development of new treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While patients with OCD improve with available treatments (pharmacotherapy and/or cognitive-behavioral therapy), moderate levels of OCD symptoms often persist even with adequate doses and durations of these treatments. Building on the growing body of evidence for the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of other psychiatric disorders, interventions to increase aerobic exercise in patients with OCD represent a potentially useful yet relatively unexplored strategy in OCD. Methods/Design One hundred and two (102) patients with clinically significant OCD symptoms despite current engagement in recommended treatments (pharmacotherapy and/or CBT) will be randomly assigned to receive either a 12-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise (AE) intervention or a health education control (HEC) intervention. Follow-up interviews will be conducted at the end of treatment and at 3-, 6- and 12-months post-intervention. They will assess OCD severity, nonspecific anxiety, depression, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition (executive function). Discussion If efficacy is established, patients with OCD who have clinically significant residual symptoms despite current pharmacotherapy or CBT would gain a valuable and practical treatment augmentation option.

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“…It has been hypothesized that impaired learning from feedback (Nielen et al 2009) might be at the origin of impaired cognitive flexibility or an overcautious cognitive style. However, learning from feedback seems intact when it leads to the avoidance of negative consequences (Endrass et al 2011). Similarly, ADHD research on decision-making and learning from feedback has yielded mixed results, but there is agreement that sensitivity to reinforcement is altered (Luman et al 2010; Modesto-Lowe et al 2013).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Aspects In Ocd and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiological link between OCD and ADHD

Brem

Grünblatt

Drechsler

et al. 2014

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neuropsychiatric diseases in paediatric populations. The high comorbidity of ADHD and OCD with each other, especially of ADHD in paediatric OCD, is well described. OCD and ADHD often follow a chronic course with persistent rates of at least 40–50 %. Family studies showed high heritability in ADHD and OCD, and some genetic findings showed similar variants for both disorders of the same pathogenetic mechanisms, whereas other genetic findings may differentiate between ADHD and OCD. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggest that partly similar executive functions are affected in both disorders. The deficits in the corresponding brain networks may be responsible for the perseverative, compulsive symptoms in OCD but also for the disinhibited and impulsive symptoms characterizing ADHD. This article reviews the current literature of neuroimaging, neurochemical circuitry, neuropsychological and genetic findings considering similarities as well as differences between OCD and ADHD.

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Approach and avoidance learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

Reinforcement learning in young adults with developmental language impairment

Reinforcement learning in young adults with developmental language impairment

Design and rationale for a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of aerobic exercise for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

The neurobiological link between OCD and ADHD

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