Appraisal of water quality in the Lakes of Nainital District through numerical indices and multivariate statistics, India

Dalakoti, Hitesh; Mishra, S. K.; Chaudhary, Mohit; Singal, S.K.

doi:10.1080/15715124.2017.1394316

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…El-Bats and El-Wadi are the two primary drains that receive massive volumes of household, industrial, and agricultural wastewater, which putting a lot of strain on aquatic life in the lake. The quantity and quality of water supply from various sources has a significant impact on water quality, because lakes are still waters that cannot clean themselves, they are more vulnerable to contamination than other water bodies [14]. Because of the growing human population and the associated increase in pollution dangers, lake monitoring and evaluation has become an important issue of lake management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling for Assessing Surface Water Quality in Qaroun Lake, Egypt

Gad

El-Safa

Farouk

et al. 2021

Water

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Water quality has deteriorated in recent years as a result of rising population and unplanned development, impacting ecosystem health. The water quality parameters of Qaroun Lake are contaminated to varying degrees, particularly for aquatic life consumption. For that, the objective of this work is to improve the assessments of surface water quality and to determine the different geo-environmental parameters affecting the lake environmental system in Qaroun Lake utilizing the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI) and four pollution indices (heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), contamination index (Cd), and pollution index (PI), that are enhanced by multivariate analyses as cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine regression (SVMR). Surface water samples were collected at 16 different locations from the lake during years 2018 and 2019. Thirteen physiochemical parameters were measured and used to calculate water quality indices (WQIs). The WQIs of Qaroun Lake such WAWQI, HPI, MI, Cd, PI revealed a different degree of contamination, with respect to aquatic life utilization. The WQIs result revealed that surface water in the lake is unsuitable, high polluted, and seriously affected by pollution for an aquatic environment. The PI findings revealed that surface water samples of Qaroun Lake were significantly impacted by Al, moderately affected by Cd and Cu, and while slightly affected by Zn due to uncontrolled releases of domestic and industrial wastewater. Furthermore, increasing salinity accelerates the deterioration of the lake aquatic environment. Therefore, sewage and drainage wastewater should be treated before discharging into the lake. The SVMR models based on physiochemical parameters presented the highest performance as an alternative method to predict the WQIs. For example, the calibration (Val.) and the validation (Val.) models performed best in assessing the WQIs with R2 (0.99) and with R2 (0.97–0.99), respectively. Finally, a combination of WQIs, CA, PCA, and SVMR approaches could be employed to assess surface water quality in Qaroun Lake.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling for Assessing Surface Water Quality in Qaroun Lake, Egypt

Gad

El-Safa

Farouk

et al. 2021

Water

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“…The parameters loading in PC1 governed the nutrient input source from natural sources, while positive loading of parameters in PC2 defined the nutrient input through direct discharge of partially or untreated treated domestic or industrial wastewater into the river ( Mishra and Kumar, 2020 , Kumar et al, 2018 ). During the comparative analysis of parameters loading in PCs at all locations, it was noted that the parameter K, SO 4 , Na, and Cl were positively loaded in PC1, which signified the input of their salts from both natural source through runoff or landslides and anthropogenic agricultural activities (where use of chemical herbicides, fertilizers, pesticides, and mining operations occurs) ( Dalakoti et al, 2018 ). In this study, the trend of parameters loading in different PCs was found to be almost similar at all locations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature rejuvenation: Long-term (1989–2016) vs short-term memory approach based appraisal of water quality of the upper part of Ganga River, India

Kumar

Mishra

Taxak

et al. 2020

Environmental Technology & Innovation

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The deteriorating water quality (WQ) of the sacred north-flowing perennial Indian River, Ganga was a serious concern in recent decades for population adjoining to the river and policy planners. The present evaluation attempts to assess the long-term (1989–2016) physiochemical characteristics of WQ of river Ganga at five upstream locations (Uttarkashi, Tehri, Rudraprayag, Devprayag, and Rishikesh) of Uttarakhand, India using comprehensive pollution index (CPI) and environmetrics (PCA and CA). These methods were used to categorize, summarize expensive datasets, and grouping the similar polluted areas along the river stretches. The WQ of river at all the locations were within the good category and most of the physiochemical parameters were well within their acceptable limit for drinking WQ. Considerably, CPI demonstrated the river WQ was in slight pollution range (CPI: 0.40–1.00) in the year 2007 and 2015 at all the five locations. The positive correlation coefficient (R 2 > 0.50) among NO 2 NO 3 , Ca, Na, B, and K indicates the significant contribution of organic and inorganic salts through runoffs from catchments due to weathering of rocks. PCA confirmed the input source of nutrients in the river from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Moreover, the upstream WQ assessed was found to be good as compared to the severely polluted downstream region. Due to COVID-19 and shutdown in the country, reduction of pollution load in the river was observed due to the rejuvenation capability of river Ganga. This information can assist the environmentalist, policymaker, and water resources planners & managers to prepare strategic planning in advance to maintain the aesthetic and cultural value of Ganga river in future.

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“…Using monitoring data, the Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) determines the pollution level of a water body ( 34 ). Previously, Zaghden et al ( 35 ) have also evaluated CPI to assess the ecological threats and status of discharge.…”

Section: Article Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminant Discharge From Outfalls and Subsequent Aquatic Ecological Risks in the River Systems in Dhaka City: Extent of Waste Load Contribution in Pollution

Majed

Islam

2022

Front. Public Health

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Dhaka, the capital city, which is the nerve center of Bangladesh, is crisscrossed by six different rivers. A network of peripheral rivers connects the city and functions as a natural drainage system for a massive amount of wastewater and sewage by the increased number of inhabitants impacting the overall environmental soundness and human health. This study intended to identify and characterize the outfalls along the peripheral rivers of Dhaka city with the assessment of different pollution indices such as comprehensive pollution index (CPI), organic pollution index (OPI), and ecological risk indices (ERI). The study evaluated the status of the pollution in the aquatic system in terms of ambient water quality parameters along the peripheral rivers due to discharge from outfalls with a particular focus on waste load contribution. Among the identified outfalls, the majority are industrial discharge (60%), and some are originated from municipal (30%), or domestic sewers (10%). Water quality parameters such as suspended solids (SS), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) for most of the peripheral rivers deviated by as much as 40–50% from industrial discharge standards by the environment conservation rules, Bangladesh, 1997. Based on the CPI, the rivers Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, and Turag could be termed as severely polluted (CPI > 2.0), while the OPI indicated heavy organic pollutant (OPI > 4) contamination in the Dhaleshwari and Buriganga rivers. The associated pollution indices demonstrate a trend for each subsequent peripheral river with significant pollution toward the downstream areas. The demonstrated waste loading map from the outfalls identified sources of significant environmental contaminants in different rivers leading to subsequent ecological risks. The study outcomes emphasize the necessity of systematic investigation and monitoring while controlling the point and non-point urban pollution sources discharging into the peripheral rivers of Dhaka city.

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Appraisal of water quality in the Lakes of Nainital District through numerical indices and multivariate statistics, India

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Integration of Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling for Assessing Surface Water Quality in Qaroun Lake, Egypt

Integration of Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling for Assessing Surface Water Quality in Qaroun Lake, Egypt

Nature rejuvenation: Long-term (1989–2016) vs short-term memory approach based appraisal of water quality of the upper part of Ganga River, India

Contaminant Discharge From Outfalls and Subsequent Aquatic Ecological Risks in the River Systems in Dhaka City: Extent of Waste Load Contribution in Pollution

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