Appraisal of the tire derived rubber (TDR) medium for wastewater treatment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Abstract

BACKGROUND:The present study evaluated the effectiveness and durability of TDR for biofilm

Effect of the chemical composition of filter media on the microbial community in wastewater biofilms at different temperatures

“…When TDR was incubated (30 ± 2 °C) with activated sludge showed comparatively higher biofilm development (0.51 g) and physiological activities under aerobic conditions even after 7 weeks. 33 Khan et al 34 found that the starting phase of the stone media FBR was reduced after incubation of the stones with activated sludge for two weeks. In another research study, it was observed that the starting phase of the TF systems packed with different filter media was reduced (36 h at low and 24 h at mesophilic temperature regimes) after inoculation with activated sludge for 14 days for achieving effective treatment of wastewater.…”

Identification and Elucidation of the Designing and Operational Issues of Trickling Filter Systems for Wastewater Treatment

“…The influent trickling over the filter media produces biofilm that covers the filter media. This biofilm consists primarily of bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi (about 0.1 to 0.2 mm thick) [13][14]33]. As the wastewater flows over the biofilm, organic matters are degraded into carbon dioxide and water due to the metabolic activity of the microbes.…”

“…Bacterial count (Escheria coli and feacal coliforms), COD, BOD, pH, NO -2 , NO -3 , PO 4 -3 , SO 3 -2 [33] Integrated Wastewater Treatment System (i.e., Aeration, Coagulation and Advance Oxidation Processes) Carwash industry wastewater COD, TDS, turbidity, DO, pH, and oil contents [34] Constructed economic limitations and consequences of the decision [16]. Unnecessarily costly treatment will divert scarce resources away from other development projects [17].…”

Experimental Study on Maize Cob Trickling Filter-Based Wastewater Treatment System: Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation

“…Effective media plays a key role in the development of microbial community/biofilm. Several biofilm support media have been used to increase the performance of a trickling filter, such as rocks/plastic [14], a nylon pot scrubber [18], commercial rings (e.g., crushed leca, kaldnes, and Norton), calcitic gravel [15][16], luffa cylindrical [19], geotextile [20], pall rings [21], polyurethane foam pores [22], coal cinder [23], tire-derived drubber [24], oyster shell [25], corrugated plastic sheet [26], stone [27], gravel and zeolite [28], sponge [29], zeolite and ceramsite [30], polypropylene plastic [31], biochar chips [32], and ceramic particles [33]. These are either costly or not easily available by small landholder farmers.…”

“…Most of these materials (e.g., plastic, geotextiles, commercial rings, polyurethane foam, tire-derived rubber, sponge, biochar chips, and ceramics) are being prepared synthetically and cannot work without introducing specific seeding/ acclimatization of the microbial community. It would eventually increase operational costs of the treatment system [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Moreover, technically trained human power is required to operate the treatment systems and also not easily available by the small landholder farmers.…”