“…The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Delta, Omicron, and its lineages (variants of concern, VOCs) have been found to cause significant adverse impacts by overpowering protective immunity induced by COVID-19 vaccines and antibody-based therapies, resulting in vaccine breakthrough infection, re-infection, and overall surging of cases and deaths amid different waves of the ongoing pandemic. Therefore, efforts are being made to develop more effective vaccines including variant-specific, mutation proof, universal nextgeneration vaccines, as well as administering more doses of vaccines (booster shots) for boosting protective immunity to safeguard health amid emerging variants [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Despite the development of few vaccines and the ongoing global vaccination drive, COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, diplomacy, and inequitable access to vaccines, particularly among low-and middle-income countries, also constitute significant reasons for some hindrances in the ongoing global vaccination drive, including booster shots, which helped in the sustained global burden of COVID-19; hence, global vaccination coverage needs to be enhanced holistically [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”