Appraisal of pollution of potentially toxic elements in different soils collected around the industrial area

Abstract

It is imperative to understand the pollution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in different soils in order to determine the sustainable management approaches for soils. Potentially toxic elements (Fe, Mn, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Co and Cd) were determined in agricultural, non-agricultural and industrial soils of Punjab, India. The concentration of PTEs at industrial soils were highest followed by non-agricultural and agricultural soils. The percentage change recorded from agricultural to non-agricultural soils for PTEs were 3.19% for Fe, 25.3% for Mn, 63.8% for Cu, 13.5% for Cr, 49.8% for Pb, 79.6% for Ni, 35.8% for Co and 32% for Cd. From non-agricultural to industrial soils, the percentage change observed for PTEs were 89% for Zn, 2.03% for Fe, 21.9% for Mn, 68.2% Cu, 9.2% for Cr, 35.8% for Pb, 18.4% for Co, 30.4% for Cd and 43.4% for As. The results of contamination factor, enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, pollution and modified pollution indices also resulted severe contamination of Cd and As in all soil types. Ecological risk assessment results revealed that Cd exhibited very high risk in different soil types. The outcomes of this study will aid in forming approaches to decline the perils allied with PTEs in soils, and produce guidelines to save the environment from long term accrual of PTEs.

Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in copper mine tailing soils of Kitwe and Mufulira, Zambia, for reclamation prospects

“…These physicochemical characteristics determine the impacts of heavy metal pollution on the environment, especially in mining and high-intensity anthropogenic areas 8 . High heavy metal concentrations affect the biodiversity balance and activity of soil organisms, restricting soil organic matter decomposition and nitrogen and phosphorous mineralization 24 , 25 . However, there is considerable evidence suggesting that diverse soil organisms develop the capacity to resist high contamination of heavy metals, and their ability can facilitate restoring wastelands with high-quality biodiversity and to aid revegetation 26 – 28 .…”

“…Finally, we used the potential ecological risk index (PERI) to examine the harmful effects of heavy metal contamination on surrounding human population and ecosystems, as well as evaluate the toxicity and ecological vulnerability associated with heavy metal contamination 32 , 33 . Previously, PERI has been used to provide evidence on the negative impact of heavy metal contamination on the environment 25 , 34 , 35 . The findings of the present study provide baseline data needed to plan revegetation strategies for mine waste dumpsites and tailings dams in Kitwe and Mufulira (which were decommissioned in the early 1980s and 1950s, respectively) and enable future assessment of potential ecological risks to humans and animals.…”

Environmental and health impacts assessment of long-term naturally-weathered municipal solid waste incineration ashes deposited in soil—old burden in Bratislava city, Slovakia

“…One of the tasks of the study was to determine the concentrations of several potentially toxic metal (loid)s in soils strongly affected by industrial activity, i.e. the enrichment of soils with these metal (loid)s. For this purpose, the enrichment factor (EF) was used, which was calculated according to the equation [ 44 ]: where C i is the measured metal (loid) concentration in the soil (mg/kg) and B i is the background metal (loid) concentration (mg/kg). Iron (Fe) was taken as the reference element [ 45 ] and metal (loid) concentrations in local soils taken from the nearby area where MSWI ash was not deposited were used as background concentrations ( Table S1 ).…”

A Brazilian Amazon Species with High Potential to Phytoextract Potential Toxic Elements

“…The potentially toxic elements are heavy metals such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), which in minimal concentration in the soil or the water can offer risk to environmental and human health (Haghnazar et al, 2021;Verma et al, 2021). The E. oleracea not only resists high levels of heavy metals in the soil, but it can also remove them and transport them to the upper parts of the plant (Silva et al, 2015;Gonçalves Junior et al, 2016).…”