Apport de l’embryologie à la compréhension de l’anatomie des veines dans le canal des foramens transverses

The anatomy of the peridural membrane of the human spine

“…The observation that the epidural venous plexus is contained in connective tissue is not new (Chaynes et al, 1998; Clemens, 1961; Dommissee, 1957; Frykholm, 1951; Gillot, 1980; Ludinghausen von, 1967; Parkin & Harrison, 1985; Plaisant, Sarrazin, Cosnard, Schill, & Gillot, 1996; Schellinger et al, 1990; Shimizu, 2006; Wiltse, 2000) and has an embryological basis (Breit et al, 2013; Dun, 2006; Hamid, Fallet‐Bianco, Delmas, & Plaisant, 2002; Munkacsi, 1990; Sensenig, 1949). Once the vascular nature of the PDM is recognized, the anatomical relations of the PDM can be obtained from the study of the anatomy of the epidural venous plexus in the spinal canal (Batson, 1940; Breschet, 1828‐1832; Chaynes et al, 1998; Clemens, 1961; Gillot, 1980; Groen, Groenewegen, van Alphen, & Hoogland, 1997; Plaisant et al, 1996) and neural foramen (Dommisse, 1975; Frykholm, 1951; Hasue et al, 1983; Hayashi et al, 1977; Magro, 1981; Walther, 1885). Anatomical and radio‐graphical descriptions of the epidural venous plexus in the existing literature correlate well with observations made in this study (Drasin, Daffner, Sexton, & Cheatham, 1976; Meijenhorst, 1982).…”

“…Presence of a thin membranous extension of the anterior venous plexus onto the lateral borders of the spinal canal has been reported by a number of investigators (Chaynes et al, 1998; Clemens, 1961; Fick, 1904; Frykholm, 1951; Gillot, 1980; Hogan, 1991; Hogan, 2002; Plaisant et al, 1996; Schellinger et al, 1990; Wiltse, 2000). Continuity of the epidural venous plexus with the perineural venous plexus in the neural foramen (Clemens, 1961; Frykholm, 1951; Ludinghausen von, 1967; Magro, 1981; Rauschning, 1987; Walther, 1885) and continuity of spinal PDM with peri‐radicular neural‐foraminal PDM (Ansari et al, 2012; Bosscher et al, 2016; Breit et al, 2013; Chaynes et al, 1998; Dommisse, 1975; Frykholm, 1951; Hasue et al, 1983; Hayashi et al, 1977; Plaisant et al, 1996) has been described in human and animal studies (Breit et al, 2013; Ludinghausen von, 1967). Few histological studies are available on thin PDM (Ansari et al, 2012).…”