Applying the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to Cigarette Smoking: An Integrative Review

Ameringer, Katherine J.; Leventhal, Adam M.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq174

Cited by 64 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…For example, depressive symptoms are signifi cantly related to emotionally laden nicotine withdrawal symptoms (e.g., depressed mood; Breslau et al, 1992;Pomerleau et al, 2000), whereas anxiety symptoms are signifi cantly associated with hyperarousal (e.g., anxiety, irritability; Breslau et al, 1992;Pomerleau et al, 2000). More recently, studies disassembling the various psychopathologic components of depression symptoms have identifi ed anhedonia-defi ned as the experience of diminished interest, drive, and overall positive affect (Watson et al, 1995)-as a particularly relevant explanatory dimension of depression with regard to certain smoking characteristics (e.g., craving; relapse; see Ameringer and Leventhal, 2010, for a review). Thus, to better isolate the role of depression in nicotine withdrawal, it may be useful to focus on the anhedonic component of depressive symptoms rather than broader, more heterogeneous depressive symptom constructs that incorporate a wide variety of features (e.g., appetite/weight changes, sleep problems, guilt/ worthlessness, and/or sadness), because a focus on the latter may obfuscate depression-withdrawal relationships.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anhedonia and Anxiety Sensitivity: Prospective Relationships to Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms During Smoking Cessation

Langdon

Leventhal

Stewart

et al. 2013

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:The aim of the present investigation was to explore the main and interactive effects of anhedonic depressive symptoms and anxiety sensitivity in terms of the individual components of nicotine withdrawal symptoms experienced on quit day as well as throughout the initial 14 days of cessation. Method: Participants included 65 daily cigarette smokers (38 women; M age = 46.08 years, SD = 9.12) undergoing psychosocial-pharmacological cessation treatment. Results: Results indicated that, after controlling for the effects of participant sex and nicotine dependence, anhedonic depression symptoms, but not anxiety sensitivity, signifi cantly predicted quit day levels of mood-based nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Conversely, anxiety sensitivity, but not anhedonic depression symptoms, was signifi cantly related to the change in most nicotine withdrawal symptoms over time. Finally, our results revealed a signifi cant interaction between anxiety sensitivity and anhedonic depression symptoms related to the slope of certain withdrawal symptoms over time. Specifi cally, among participants with higher levels of anxiety sensitivity, greater levels of anhedonic depression symptoms were related to greater increases in withdrawal symptoms over time for two of the nine anxiety-relevant components of nicotine withdrawal (restlessness and frustration). Conclusions: Among high anxiety-sensitivity persons, compared with those low in anxiety sensitivity, anhedonic depression symptoms may be more relevant to the experience of some withdrawal symptoms being more intense and persistent during the early phases of quitting. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 74, 469-478, 2013)

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confidence: 99%

Anhedonia and Anxiety Sensitivity: Prospective Relationships to Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms During Smoking Cessation

Langdon

Leventhal

Stewart

et al. 2013

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…In contrast, for stimulants that are often consumed in binge cycles (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine), the link between craving and deprivation could be more tenuous. In our work, cocaine-addicted individuals reported the highest levels of cocaine 'wanting', a proxy of craving, when recalling a time that they were already 'under the influence' of the drug (versus the contexts of 'right now' or 'in general') [8]; that is, craving was highest when deprivation was ostensibly lowest. Moreover, individuals with more recent cocaine use (i.e.…”

Section: Multiple Ambiguities In the Measurement Of Drug Cravingmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Although clinical evidence shows clearly that psychological and demographic variables influence tobacco cravings [8][9][10], brain imaging studies have largely ignored the importance of these factors [11], for reasons that are difficult to fathom.…”

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Neuroimaging of cigarette cravings: individual differences matter

Potvin

2015

Addiction

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Due to the role of cigarette cravings in smoking relapse, a fair body of work has examined the neural bases underlying the appetitive response to cigarette cues. Unfortunately, a majority of studies performed in the field have only triggered moderate craving levels in their smokers that might not have been potent enough to capture the over-riding effects of cravings on behavior. Arguably, one of the main reasons for this failure is that too many studies were performed in smokers who were allowed to smoke ad libitum before being scanned, instead of being in a state of withdrawal. In our opinion, the intensity of cravings is a critical factor when studying the neural bases of tobacco cravings.What is more challenging about Sayette & Wilson's [1] reasoning is the assertion that moderate craving levels may trigger a brain response that has little to do with that associated with uncontrollable cravings. This stimulating idea is based on the results of Engelmann et al.'s [2] metaanalysis of the neural correlates of tobacco cravings and an updated meta-analysis performed by the authors. Consistent with the authors' idea, the meta-analysis from Engelmann et al. [2] found that studies performed in deprived smokers (who typically reported more intense cravings) showed greater activation in the right superior frontal and the left lingual gyrus than studies performed in non-deprived smokers.However, the Engelman et al. meta-analysis also showed a sizeable overlap between both sets of studies, which produced activations in 44 widespread clusters [2]. These results do not suggest strongly that moderate and intense cravings elicit largely different brain responses. However, it must be acknowledged that this meta-analysis included only 11 studies. The updated meta-analysis of Sayette & Wilson [1], which included 24 studies, showed that studies of deprived smokers elicited stronger activations in the (rostral) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) than studies of non-deprived smokers. However, the paper does not mention if there were common brain regions activated in both sets of studies. Without this crucial information, it is difficult to judge if moderate and intense cravings elicit unrelated brain networks.Their meta-analysis also did not examine the relationship between brain activations and subjective cravings. It therefore remains unclear whether the increased ACC activations reflect specific differences in cravings or differences in other withdrawal-related symptoms. A review of the studies included in the meta-analysis from Sayette & Wilson [1] reveals that only four of 11 studies that assessed the relationship showed significant associations between subjective cravings and ACC activations [3][4][5][6]. Although these results do not rule out a direct relationship between ACC activations and cravings, they do not offer a strong support for this assumption.Recently, Tang et al. [7] performed a meta-analysis of 13 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on tobacco cravings that aggregated analyses of correlations be...

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“…For example, one study showed that engaging in higher levels of occupational PA was associated with worse depressive outcomes among adult women. 40 Given the relation between both higher negative mood and lower positive mood to increased smoking, 41 the mood benefits or detriments from these various activities might be one rationale for their differential effect on smoking. Together, this evidence indicates that considering PA as a unitary construct within the context of smoking may not be justified.…”

Section: Work Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Work and Non-Work Physical Activity Predict Real-Time Smoking Level and Urges in Young Adults

Nadell

Mermelstein

Hedeker

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Applying the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to Cigarette Smoking: An Integrative Review

Cited by 64 publications

References 89 publications

Anhedonia and Anxiety Sensitivity: Prospective Relationships to Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms During Smoking Cessation

Anhedonia and Anxiety Sensitivity: Prospective Relationships to Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms During Smoking Cessation

Neuroimaging of cigarette cravings: individual differences matter

Work and Non-Work Physical Activity Predict Real-Time Smoking Level and Urges in Young Adults

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