Applying the transtheoretical model of health behavior change: using calendars for hypertension management in elderly individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Phrae Province, Thailand

Abstract

Hypertension is a persistent global public health concern, particularly affecting elderly individuals and is further compounded by the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovative interventions are essential to effectively manage blood pressure in this vulnerable demographic group. This quasi-experimental study implemented a calendar-based intervention among 84 elderly individuals in Phrae Province, Thailand. The intervention integrated dietary recommendations, physical activity guidelines, and hypertension education. Over eight weeks, the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (6.59 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (2.52 mmHg) levels (p-value<0.05), contrasting with the comparison group's increase. The calendar-based program effectively enhanced hypertension knowledge, empowering participants to make informed health decisions. The study's holistic approach, grounded in health behavior change models, effectively promoted hypertension awareness and facilitated healthier lifestyles. Results suggest the calendar-based program's suitability for elderly individuals at high risk of hypertension, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility. This research underscores the potential of calendar-based interventions in supporting blood pressure management among elderly populations, with broader implications for public health strategies, especially during challenging circumstances such as pandemics.