Applying the precautionary principle to consumer household cleaning product development

Adverse health effects of humidifier disinfectants in Korea: lung toxicity of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate

“…Antimicrobial agents are widely used to prevent the health effects of these microorganisms; however, inhalational exposure to antimicrobials can precipitate respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma (Bondi, 2011). The chemical structure of PHMG-P suggests that it readily accumulates in the respiratory system, and its physical properties appear to facilitate its infiltration into the lungs.…”

The role of NF-κB signaling pathway in polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate induced inflammatory response in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells

“…A review of the scientific literature reveals evidence which suggests relationships between disinfectant active ingredients and serious human health problems such as respiratory sensitization, inflammation, asthma, and fibrosis (Bondi, 2011). Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, which is used as a detergent in wood preservatives, has been shown to cause oxidative stress in vitro, and lung inflammation and fibrosis in vivo (Kwon et al, 2014;Ohnuma et al, 2010).…”

EPHECT III: Health risk assessment of exposure to household consumer products

“…asthma or exacerbation thereof, and sensitizing properties, and exposure to cleaning (Folletti et al, 2014;Quirce and Barranco, 2010;Zock et al, 2010), and personal care products (Bondi, 2011). However, the exact category of cleaning products and their chemicals causing adverse health effects as well as the route of exposure still need to be clarified.…”