Applying the Participatory Design Workshop Method to Explore how Socially Assistive Robots Could Assist Stroke Survivors

Georgiou, Theodoros; Baillie, Lynne; Ross, Martin; Broz, Frank

doi:10.1145/3371382.3378232

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The transcripts were analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method (CCM) [48], a data analysis method of Grounded Theory. This is a method of qualitative data analysis that aims to allow the generation of themes using specific coding and analytic procedures which has been used successfully in past HCI/HRI studies [49], [50]. The analysis was verified by an experienced HCI researcher external to the project.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing and Clustering Coaching Behaviours to Inform the Design of a Personalised Robotic Coach

Ross

Broz

Baillie

2021

Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction

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Adherence to repetitive rehabilitation exercises is important in motor recovery after stroke. Similarly, repetitive solo practice exercises can improve the skill level of sports players. In both of these scenarios, regular human coaching has benefits, but in practice, the required training is often carried out alone, resulting in lowered adherence. This work presents a mixed methodology approach, novel in the context of designing for HRI, towards informing the design of a personalised robotic coach for stroke rehabilitation and squash. Using observations of human-human interactions, we first obtained action sequences of behaviours exhibited by coaches and physiotherapists. We then clustered these action sequences into behaviour graphs, with each graph representing a coaching policy usable for robotic control. Next we obtained coaches' and physiotherapists' reflections on the graphs' applicability to the real world. Finally, we provide an explanation of how the policies visualised in these graphs could be used for robotic control. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Interaction design; Interaction design process and methods; User centered design; • Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems; Robotics;

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing and Clustering Coaching Behaviours to Inform the Design of a Personalised Robotic Coach

Ross

Broz

Baillie

2021

Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction

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“…Through PD, participants first identify their own needs and desires, and then co-design a technical solution to meet those needs. PD workshops are qualitative research and tend to have small numbers of participants because of the long time required for conducting workshops ( Gliner et al, 2002 ; Mason, 2010 ; Amrhein et al, 2019 ), however PD is valuable for helping researchers to understand perspectives of diverse users and stakeholders in different contexts ( DiSalvo et al, 2008 ; Šabanović et al, 2015 ; Georgiou et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

How did COVID-19 pandemic affect the older adults’ needs for robot technologies in Japan?: comparison of participatory design workshops during versus after the COVID-19 pandemic

Komatsu,

Fraune,

Tsui

et al. 2024

Front. Robot. AI

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Social technology can improve the quality of social lives of older adults (OAs) and mitigate negative mental and physical health outcomes. When people engage with technology, they can do so to stimulate social interaction (stimulation hypothesis) or disengage from their real world (disengagement hypothesis), according to Nowland et al.‘s model of the relationship between social Internet use and loneliness. External events, such as large periods of social isolation like during the COVID-19 pandemic, can also affect whether people use technology in line with the stimulation or disengagement hypothesis. We examined how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the social challenges OAs faced and their expectations for robot technology to solve their challenges. We conducted two participatory design (PD) workshops with OAs during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, OAs’ primary concern was distanced communication with family members, with a prevalent desire to assist them through technology. They also wanted to share experiences socially, as such OA’s attitude toward technology could be explained mostly by the stimulation hypothesis. However, after COVID-19 the pandemic, their focus shifted towards their own wellbeing. Social isolation and loneliness were already significant issues for OAs, and these were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, such OAs’ attitudes toward technology after the pandemic could be explained mostly by the disengagement hypothesis. This clearly reflect the OA’s current situation that they have been getting further digitally excluded due to rapid technological development during the pandemic. Both during and after the pandemic, OAs found it important to have technologies that were easy to use, which would reduce their digital exclusion. After the pandemic, we found this especially in relation to newly developed technologies meant to help people keep at a distance. To effectively integrate these technologies and avoid excluding large parts of the population, society must address the social challenges faced by OAs.

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“…In the summer and fall of 2014, Šabanović et al ( 2015 ) conducted a series of 2 PD workshops with five older adults with co-occurring major depression and chronic physical illness (3m, 2f; ages 58–71) in conjunction with interviews of 5 staff members of a large outpatient healthcare provider; the goal of the project was to understand how Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) could be designed for and used in the homes of older adults before they become institutionalized. In 2020, Georgiou et al ( 2020 ) conducted a PD workshop with 10 stroke survivors (7m, 3f; M = 58 years, SD = 12.4) to explore how SARs could assist stroke survivors with self-managed rehabilitation. As noted by Mason ( 2010 ), qualitative studies, including PD workshops, require a longer time and therefore tend to have lower sample sizes; correspondingly, the outcomes are qualitative in nature.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socially facilitative robots for older adults to alleviate social isolation: A participatory design workshop approach in the US and Japan

et al. 2022

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Social technology can improve the quality of older adults' social lives and mitigate negative mental and physical health outcomes associated with loneliness, but it should be designed collaboratively with this population. In this paper, we used participatory design (PD) methods to investigate how robots might be used as social facilitators for middle-aged and older adults (age 50+) in both the US and Japan. We conducted PD workshops in the US and Japan because both countries are concerned about the social isolation of these older adults due to their rapidly aging populations. We developed a novel approach to participatory design of future technologies that spends 2/3 of the PD session asking participants about their own life experiences as a foundation. This grounds the conversation in reality, creates rapport among the participants, and engages them in creative critical thinking. Then, we build upon this foundation, pose an abstract topic, and ask participants to brainstorm on the topic based on their previous discussion. In both countries, participants were eager to actively discuss design ideas for socially facilitative robots and imagine how they might improve their social lives. US participants suggested design ideas for telepresence robots, social distancing robots, and social skills artificial intelligence programs, while Japanese participants suggested ideas for pet robots, robots for sharing experiences, and easy-to-operate instructor robots. Comparing these two countries, we found that US participants saw robots as tools to help facilitate their social connections, while Japanese participants envisioned robots to function as surrogate companions for their parents and distract them from loneliness when they were unavailable. With this paper, we contribute to the literature in two main ways, presenting: (1) A novel approach to participatory design of future technologies that grounds participants in their everyday experience, and (2) Results of the study indicating how middle-aged and older adults from the US and Japan wanted technologies to improve their social lives. Although we conducted the workshops during the COVID-19 pandemic, many findings generalized to other situations related to social isolation, such as older adults living alone.

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Applying the Participatory Design Workshop Method to Explore how Socially Assistive Robots Could Assist Stroke Survivors

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Observing and Clustering Coaching Behaviours to Inform the Design of a Personalised Robotic Coach

Observing and Clustering Coaching Behaviours to Inform the Design of a Personalised Robotic Coach

How did COVID-19 pandemic affect the older adults’ needs for robot technologies in Japan?: comparison of participatory design workshops during versus after the COVID-19 pandemic

Socially facilitative robots for older adults to alleviate social isolation: A participatory design workshop approach in the US and Japan

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