Applying the Delphi method in an ecotourism context: a response to Deng et al.’s ‘Development of a point evaluation system for ecotourism destinations: a Delphi method’

Garrod, Brian

doi:10.1080/14724049.2012.725517

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Questions are asked over a number of rounds, and between each round, responses are analysed and fed back to the panel in an iterative process. This approach allows respondents to carefully consider and develop their answers over an extended period, in the context of rationale provided by other panel members (Garrod andFyall 2000, 2005). Discrepancies and consensus may be identified (although consensus is not explicitly sought and will not be achieved if none exists), and information can be synthesised on highly complex and subjective problems that are not easily addressed using conventional questionnaires (Mukherjee et al 2015).…”

Section: Survey Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Academic Non-specialists were included in the study since they were anticipated to contribute an objective, critical and scientifically-literate perspective to the discussion. The size of the panel is not a critical feature of the Delphi technique (Smith 1995), but 'balance' in the panel, in terms of interests and expertise, is important throughout the process (Wheeller et al 1990, Garrod 2012). There is an accepted element of judgement regarding what constitutes a balanced panel (Wheeller et al 1990, Garrod 2012.…”

Section: Survey Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of the panel is not a critical feature of the Delphi technique (Smith 1995), but 'balance' in the panel, in terms of interests and expertise, is important throughout the process (Wheeller et al 1990, Garrod 2012). There is an accepted element of judgement regarding what constitutes a balanced panel (Wheeller et al 1990, Garrod 2012. In this study, a higher number of panel members was included from the Statutory Bodies sector due to the diversity of organisations and remits within that sector, and the applied nature of the issues being addressed.…”

Section: Survey Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation

et al. 2017

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To fulfil international conservation commitments, governments have begun to recognise the need for more proactive marine planning policies, advocating sensitive engineering design that can deliver secondary benefits above and beyond the primary purpose of developments. In response, there is growing scientific interest in novel multi-functional coastal defence structures with built-in secondary ecological and/or socio-economic benefits. To ensure research efforts are invested effectively, it is first necessary to determine what secondary benefits can potentially be built-in to engineered coastal defence structures, and further, which of these benefits would be most desirable. It is unlikely that secondary benefits are perceived in the same way across different stakeholder groups. Further, their order of priority when evaluating different options is unlikely to be consistent, since each option will present a suite of compromises and trade-offs. The aim of this study was to investigate stakeholder attitudes towards multi-functional coastal defence developments across different sector groups. A preliminary questionnaire indicated unanimous support for implementing multi-functional structures in place of traditional single-purpose ones. This preliminary survey informed the design of a Delphi-like study, which revealed a more nuanced and caveated level of support from a panel of experts and practitioners. The study also elicited a degree of consensus that the most desirable secondary benefits that could be built-in to developments would be ecological ones – prioritised over social, economic and technical benefits. This paper synthesises these findings, discusses the perceived barriers that remain, and proposes a stepwise approach to effective implementation of multi-functional coastal defence developments

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Section: Survey Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Survey Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Survey Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation

et al. 2017

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“…The Delphi method has been used in several sectors, for example, agriculture [90,91], energy [92], tourism [93][94][95][96] and hospitality [97][98][99]. Previous studies proved that the Delphi method is more effective than other methods [100][101][102] in reaching goals and generating solutions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second step with NGT was implemented on the basis of the results obtained at the first Delphi stage. Since our study was carried out from the very beginning with the local community, that is, involving all the tourism stakeholders, the phenomenon known as "panel attrition" [96] was limited to one stakeholder between the Delphi and the NGT step. NGT started with some indications from Delphi that the facilitator proposed to stakeholders.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism Development in Inner Mountain Areas—The Local Stakeholders’ Point of View through a Mixed Method Approach

et al. 2019

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Tourism in inner areas, especially in the mountains, is a complex phenomenon due to the different tourist’s needs and to the specific local features that vary considerably from one destination to another. Consequently, a unique tourism development strategy cannot be defined and adopted anywhere. When considering tourism-based territorial development in mountain areas, it is crucial to take the vision of local stakeholders into consideration. To drive different and/or unexpressed opinions towards shared tools, this study analyses the local stakeholder’s point of view using a mixed method consisting of a Delphi method followed by a Group Nominal Technique. The research was performed in Soana Valley, a small mountain community in the Northwestern Italian Alps. It involved 17 local stakeholders divided into three main groups—local administrators (n = 3), hospitality operators (9) and retailers (5). Results show how operators converge on three common aspects—local food product offering, territorial promotion and collaboration among operators, on which the community should focus to build a territorial integrated tourism offering.

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Assessing Ecotourism from a Multi-stakeholder Perspective: Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve, China

Ming

Wall

2014

Environmental Management

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Ecotourism development is closely associated with the sustainability of protected natural areas. When facilitated by appropriate management, ecotourism can contribute to conservation and development, as well as the well-being of local communities. As such, ecotourism has been proposed and practiced in different forms in many places, including China. This study assesses ecotourism development at Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province, China. Key informant interviews were conducted with representatives from the provincial Forestry Department, the Nature Reserve, and the local community. Observation was undertaken on three site visits and secondary data were collected. The potential for providing quality natural experiences is high and tourism development is occurring rapidly. However, current relationships between people, resources, and tourism have yet to provide mutual benefits necessary for successful ecotourism. The multi-stakeholder management style and the ambiguity of landownership within the nature reserve constitute structural difficulties for ecotourism management and operation. Although participation in ecotourism could provide a livelihood opportunity and interests in involvement in tourism have been identified among the local fishing community, current involvement is limited mainly due to the lack of mechanisms for participation. Therefore, it is recommended that management programs and government policies should be established to provide a platform for community participation in ecotourism. Then, a positive synergistic relationship between tourism, environment, and community could be developed. Planning and policy requirements are discussed for ecotourism development in protected areas in China.

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Applying the Delphi method in an ecotourism context: a response to Deng et al.’s ‘Development of a point evaluation system for ecotourism destinations: a Delphi method’

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation

Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation

Tourism Development in Inner Mountain Areas—The Local Stakeholders’ Point of View through a Mixed Method Approach

Assessing Ecotourism from a Multi-stakeholder Perspective: Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve, China

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