Applying Structural Equation Modeling to Measure Violence Exposure and Its Impact on Mental Health: Malawi Violence Against Children and Young Women Survey, 2013

Fan, Arthur Yin; Jin, Liu; Kress, Howard; Gupta, Sundeep; Shawa, Mary; Wadonda-Kabondo, Nellie; Mercy, James A.

doi:10.1177/0886260517741214

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For example, a nationally representative study sampled slightly older Malawian youth (aged 13-24 years) and found that 29% experienced emotional violence, 63% experienced physical violence, and 23% experienced sexual violence prior to age 18 years. 61 Likewise, slightly less than a third of the present sample reported being bullied; in a separate study, slightly more than a third of Malawian school children (aged 10-19 years, urban and rural) reported being bullied. 62…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Prevalence and Association With Adolescent Health in Malawi

Kidman

Piccolo

Kohler

2020

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction: Childhood adversity is robustly associated with poor health across the life course. However, very few studies have examined the prevalence and implications of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in low-and middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to measure ACEs among adolescents in Malawi and examine the association with mental and physical health outcomes. Methods:From 2017 to 2018, baseline data were collected among adolescents aged 10-16 years (N=2,089). Respondents were interviewed in their local language at their homes. Respondents completed questions on childhood adversity (ACE-International Questionnaire), self-rated health, mortality expectations, and mental health (Beck Depression Inventory and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale). Stunting, obesity, and grip strength were measured. Analyses were conducted in 2018. Frequencies described the prevalence of ACEs and adjusted multivariate models examined whether cumulative adversity predicts current health.Results: Adolescents reported a high burden of adversity (i.e., five lifetime ACEs on average). Adolescents who scored in the top ACEs quintile were more likely to report depression (OR=3.11, 95% CI=2.10, 4.60), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR=4.19, 95% CI=2.43, 7.23), worse selfrated health (OR=3.72, 95% CI=2.03, 6.81), and a higher expected likelihood of dying in the next 5 years (RR=5.02, 95% CI=2.15, 7.88) compared with those in the bottom quintile. However, ACEs did not demonstrate a graded relationship with obesity, stunting, or grip strength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Prevalence and Association With Adolescent Health in Malawi

Kidman

Piccolo

Kohler

2020

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…Based on a literature review on gender-based violence to inform national response in Malawi, a number of studies have investigated intimate partner violence within the context of HIV/AIDS and girls' sexual abuse, and a few have studied the role of sociocultural factors in influencing gender-based violence (Mellish, Settergren, & Sapuwa, 2015). A recent Malawi national-level study among 13-to 24-year olds established that psychological distress may result from experiencing multiple forms of domestic violence (Fan et al, 2021). No study has analyzed the factors associated with the different levels of abuse in Malawi among married women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Married Women’s Experience of Domestic Violence in Malawi: New Evidence From a Cluster and Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

Chikhungu

Lyons-Amos

Kandala

et al. 2019

J Interpers Violence

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Background: Violence against women is a global issue with estimates indicating that 35% of all women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner violence in their life time. In Malawi 42% of ever-married women have experienced some form of violence perpetrated by their current or most recent spouse. A number of studies have investigated intimate partner violence in Malawi within the context of HIV/AIDS, girls' sexual abuse, psychological distress and a few report on the role of sociocultural factors in influencing gender based violence. No study has used cluster analysis to systematically analyse different levels of abuse amongst married women in Malawi. Methods: Using the 2015 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data, we employed cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression to analyse the distribution of different levels of abuse amongst married women in Malawi and the key attributes associated with each level of abuse. Results: Correlates of domestic violence significantly differ by levels of abuse and are distributed as follows; controlling behaviour (11.8%), general controlling behaviour (27.1%), moderate physical and emotional abuse (27.2%) and the high and complete abuse (8.5%). Alcohol consumption, ethnicity and women working status were significantly associated with all four levels of abuse but age and religion were only associated with controlling behaviour and generalised controlling behaviour. The strength of association between husband's alcohol consumption, woman's working status and marriage type and domestic violence increased by level of abuse. On each of these factors, the odds of experiencing violence were lowest in the controlling behaviour group and highest in the high physical and emotional abuse group. Policy Recommendations: Policies and programmes that are designed to tackle violence against married women in Malawi should incorporate strategies that discourage excessive drinking, promote messages that women can be bread winners and discourage polygamous marriage.

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“…The survey included several questions about mental health problems. One measure of anxiety and depression (Kessler-6 scale), uses dichotomous variables classified as low/moderate or severe mental distress 18. This brief scale has been widely used in population surveys to assess mental health 19 20.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between violence and mental distress, self-harm and suicidal ideation and attempts among young people in Malawi

et al. 2022

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BackgroundMental health problems ranging from depression to more severe acts such as self-harm or suicidal behaviours are a serious problem among adolescents and young adults. Exposure to violence during the life of young people can increase mental health issues for youth. This study examines the relationship between exposure to violence and mental health issues among youth using a nationally representative study in Malawi.MethodsWe analysed data from the nationally representative Violence Against Children Survey from Malawi (2013) to quantify the association between exposures to violence (physical, sexual and emotional) and their relationship with mental distress, self-harm behaviours and suicidal ideation and attempts among youth aged 13–24 years. We evaluated the association of exposures to violence against children with reported mental health conditions among women and men. We used ordinal logistic regression models with appropriate survey weights to assess exposures to violence and the three outcomes of interest.ResultsChildren and youth aged 13–24 years exposed to violence in childhood reported higher levels of adverse mental health effects, including mental distress, self-harm behaviours and suicidal ideation and attempts. The odds of reporting these outcomes increased as the number of violence types increased.ConclusionsUnderstanding the risks based on different combinations of exposures to violence in Malawi can help identify populations at higher risk and optimise violence prevention strategies.

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Applying Structural Equation Modeling to Measure Violence Exposure and Its Impact on Mental Health: Malawi Violence Against Children and Young Women Survey, 2013

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Prevalence and Association With Adolescent Health in Malawi

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Prevalence and Association With Adolescent Health in Malawi

Married Women’s Experience of Domestic Violence in Malawi: New Evidence From a Cluster and Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

Association between violence and mental distress, self-harm and suicidal ideation and attempts among young people in Malawi

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