Applying Social Cognition Models to Explain Walking Duration in Older Adults: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation

Labudek, Sarah; Fleig, Lena; Jansen, Carl-Philipp; Kramer-Gmeiner, Franziska; Nerz, Corinna; Becker, Clemens; Klenk, Jochen; Schwenk, Michael

doi:10.1123/japa.2020-0296

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This suggests that effective interventions for older adults can incorporate a variety of types of exercises or physical activities that are most likely to foster enjoyment. This notion is consistent with emerging literature regarding the role of intrinsic motivation (i.e., enjoyment in physical activity) as an important predictor of physical activity engagement among older adults [ 91 ]. This approach can also improve accessibility to PA within this population by building upon existing community services and group-based PA programs that provide the additional benefit of social participation, which enhances enjoyment, adherence, and sustainability of PA [ 92 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Community-based group physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote mobility in older adults: an umbrella review

et al. 2022

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Background Physical activity and a healthy diet are important in helping to maintain mobility with aging. This umbrella review aims to identify group-based physical activity and/or nutrition interventions for community-dwelling older adults that improve mobility-related outcomes. Methods Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Sociological Abstracts) were searched from inception to December 2021. Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews exploring the effectiveness of physical activity or structured exercise, alone or combined with nutrition interventions on mobility-related outcomes (aerobic capacity, physical function, balance, falls/safety, muscle strength, health-related quality of life/wellbeing). Interventions must have been delivered in a group setting to community-dwelling older adults aged 55+. Two reviewers independently performed eligibility screening, critical appraisal (using AMSTAR 2) and data extraction. The GRADE approach was used to reflect the certainty of evidence based on the size of the effect within each mobility-related outcome category. Older adult/provider research partners informed data synthesis and results presentation. Results In total, 62 systematic reviews (1 high, 21 moderate, 40 low/critically low quality) were identified; 53 included physical activity only, and nine included both physical activity and nutritional supplements. No reviews included nutrition interventions alone. Combined aerobic/resistance, general physical activity, and mind-body exercise all improved physical function and balance (moderate-high certainty). Aerobic/resistance training improved aerobic capacity (high certainty). Resistance training and general physical activity improved muscle strength (moderate certainty). Aerobic/resistance training and general physical activity are likely to reduce falls among older adults (moderate certainty). There was no evidence of benefit for nutritional supplementation with physical activity. Conclusions Group-based physical activity interventions that combine aerobic and resistance, general PA and mind-body exercise can improve measures of mobility in community-dwelling older adults. We found no reviews focused on nutrition only, highlighting a gap in the literature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Community-based group physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote mobility in older adults: an umbrella review

et al. 2022

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“…This aligns with findings from the qualitative study from Palsola et al ( 2020 ) where participants stated that they saw no need for planning since they already had routines for physical activity. These results depict that strong habits have to be considered in interventions and can limit the usefulness of implementation intentions, due to conscious self‐regulatory effort only being needed in early stages of behaviour change, as more automatic processes take over once a habit has been established (Di Maio et al, 2021 ; Gardner & Lally, 2018 ; Labudek et al, 2021 ). However, it has to be noted that strong habits may not equal sufficient physical activity: Although participants claim to be active, this could be based on a biased sense of accomplishment (Labudek et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These results depict that strong habits have to be considered in interventions and can limit the usefulness of implementation intentions, due to conscious self‐regulatory effort only being needed in early stages of behaviour change, as more automatic processes take over once a habit has been established (Di Maio et al, 2021 ; Gardner & Lally, 2018 ; Labudek et al, 2021 ). However, it has to be noted that strong habits may not equal sufficient physical activity: Although participants claim to be active, this could be based on a biased sense of accomplishment (Labudek et al, 2021 ). Yet, it is also possible that this effect arises from reading the WHO recommendations, as some participants mentioned that they were already meeting the criteria after reading them and therefore did not see the need to plan further physical activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

What do older adults think about when formulating implementation intentions for physical activity? Evidence from a qualitative study

Bösch

Warner

Nyman

et al. 2022

British J Health Psychol

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Objectives: Physical activity is an important health behaviour especially for older adults. Forming implementation intentions is an effective strategy to implement physical activity in daily life for young and middle-aged adults.However, evidence for older adults is inconclusive. This study explored the thoughts of older adults about implementation intentions and potential barriers and facilitators while formulating them. Methods: Three samples of older adults from the United Kingdom (n = 8), Germany (n = 9) and Switzerland (n = 17) were prompted to think aloud while formulating implementation intentions to be more physically active. After the task, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Participants expressed pre-established thoughts about implementation intentions (e.g. they feel too restrictive). During the formulation of implementation intentions, several barriers to creating them were reported (e.g. problems with finding cues due to absence of recurring daily routines), but participants also mentioned that forming implementation intentions acted as a facilitator for physical activity (e.g. cues as useful reminders to be active, task itself triggering self-reflection about physical activity). After the This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…In this study, the German translation of the BREQ had a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α of 0.84–0.87) [ 56 ]. Additionally, it has been used in a pilot RCT investigating a computerized cognitive training approach aiming to increase physical activity in healthy individuals [ 57 ] and a cross-sectional study testing an extension of the health action process approach by including intrinsic motivation in older adults [ 58 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and initial validation of the German version of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ-G)

et al. 2023

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Background Analyzing and adjusting training programs to increase exercise enjoyment is crucial to achieve long-term adherence and thus also maximize health benefits. The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) is the first questionnaire specifically developed to monitor exergame enjoyment. To be used in German speaking countries, the EEQ must be translated, cross-culturally adapted, and tested on its psychometric properties. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop (i.e., translate and cross-culturally adapt) the German Version of the EEQ (EEQ-G) and investigate its psychometric properties. Methods Psychometric properties of the EEQ-G were tested using a cross-sectional study design. Each participant performed two consecutive exergame sessions (i.e., ‘preferred’ and ‘unpreferred’ condition) in randomized order and rated the EEQ-G as well as reference questionnaires. Internal consistency of the EEQ-G was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s α. Construct validity was assessed by calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (rs) between the scores of the EEQ-G and reference questionnaires. Responsiveness was analyzed by performing a Wilcoxon signed-rank test between the median EEQ-G scores of the two conditions. Results Fourty-three healthy older adults (HOA; mean age = 69.4 ± 4.9 years; 53.5% females) were included. Cronbach’s α of the EEQ-G was 0.80. The rs values between the EEQ-G and reference questionnaire scores for intrinsic motivation, game enjoyment, physical activity enjoyment, and external motivation were 0.198 (p = 0.101), 0.684 (p < 0.001), 0.277 (p = 0.036), and 0.186 (p = 0.233), respectively. The EEQ-G was rated higher in the ‘preferred’ than the ‘unpreferred’ condition (p < 0.001, r = 0.756). Conclusion The EEQ-G has high internal consistency and is responsive to changes in exergame enjoyment. The highly skewed data with ceiling effects in some of the reference questionnaires deem the construct validity of the EEQ-G to be inconclusive and thus in need of further evaluation.

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Applying Social Cognition Models to Explain Walking Duration in Older Adults: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Community-based group physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote mobility in older adults: an umbrella review

Community-based group physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote mobility in older adults: an umbrella review

What do older adults think about when formulating implementation intentions for physical activity? Evidence from a qualitative study

Development and initial validation of the German version of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ-G)

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