Applying processing trees in social psychology

Hütter, Mandy; Klauer, Karl Christoph

doi:10.1080/10463283.2016.1212966

Cited by 87 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Tree models are not only used in psychometrics, but also in other fields such as cognitive or social psychology. More specifically, MPT models represent a class of models that allow to disentangle a finite number of qualitatively distinct processes that are assumed to result in identical responses (Erdfelder et al, 2009;Hütter & Klauer, 2016;Riefer & Batchelder, 1988). Recently, MPT models have been generalized to account for hierarchical data structures (Klauer, 2010).…”

Section: Multinomial Processing Tree Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Model for Acquiescence at the Interface of Psychometrics and Cognitive Psychology

Plieninger

Heck

2018

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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When measuring psychological traits, one has to consider that respondents often show content-unrelated response behavior in answering questionnaires. To disentangle the target trait and two such response styles, extreme responding and midpoint responding, Böckenholt ( 2012a ) developed an item response model based on a latent processing tree structure. We propose a theoretically motivated extension of this model to also measure acquiescence, the tendency to agree with both regular and reversed items. Substantively, our approach builds on multinomial processing tree (MPT) models that are used in cognitive psychology to disentangle qualitatively distinct processes. Accordingly, the new model for response styles assumes a mixture distribution of affirmative responses, which are either determined by the underlying target trait or by acquiescence. In order to estimate the model parameters, we rely on Bayesian hierarchical estimation of MPT models. In simulations, we show that the model provides unbiased estimates of response styles and the target trait, and we compare the new model and Böckenholt's model in a recovery study. An empirical example from personality psychology is used for illustrative purposes.

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Section: Multinomial Processing Tree Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Model for Acquiescence at the Interface of Psychometrics and Cognitive Psychology

Plieninger

Heck

2018

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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“…One reason why they are often superior to other approaches is that by design they combine manipulation and measurement into one procedure. Yet, process dissociation approaches come with their own assumptions and limitations, most notably the strong assumption that conscious and unconscious processes contribute equally in different conditions (Hütter and Klauer 2016). Therefore parameter estimates obtained by process dissociation procedures cannot be taken at face value either, but (like other measures) need to be complemented with additional experimental manipulations.…”

Section: Perfect Measures or Manipulations Of Awareness Do Not Existmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Study Consciousness in Consumer Research, A Commentary on Williams and Poehlman

Sweldens

Tuk

Hütter

2017

Journal of Consumer Research

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Consumer research can benefit greatly from more insight in unconscious processes underlying behavior. Williams and Poehlman's effort at more clearly conceptualizing consciousness and call for more research provides a welcome stimulus in this regard. At the same time, providing evidence for unconscious causation is fraught with methodological difficulties. We outline why it is vital to uphold standards of evidence for claims regarding unconscious processes, as it is precisely a lack of rigor on this front which has generated a countermovement by researchers sceptical of dual process models in general and unconscious processes in particular. We contend that the sceptics have offered valid causes for concern, which we leverage to formulate six concrete recommendations for future research on consciousness. Researchers should (1) specify the process level at which they claim evidence for unconscious processes, (2) not confuse unconscious influences with unconscious processes, (3) carefully choose between different operational definitions of awareness, (4) maximally satisfy four criteria for awareness measures, and (5) complement measurement with experimental manipulations of awareness. Finally, we recommend to (6) refrain from hard claims about unconscious causation that transcend the limitations of the evidence, recognizing that consciousness is a continuous construct. Author NoteSteven Sweldens is associate professor of marketing at the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands (sweldens@rsm.nl) and distinguished research fellow at INSEAD. Mirjam A. Tuk is assistant professor of marketing at Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK (m.tuk@imperial.ac.uk) and visiting professor at the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University. Mandy Hütter is junior professor of social psychology at the Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Fachbereich Psychologie, Schleichstr. 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (mandy.huetter@uni-tuebingen.de). 2To better understand, aid and protect consumers, it is imperative to have an accurate understanding of unconscious drivers of behavior. We therefore welcome Williams and Poehlman's (2016) effort to stimulate and more clearly conceptualize the study of consciousness in consumer research. Past research on consciousness has struggled with two major stumbling blocks. First, it is difficult to provide an accurate definition of consciousness, not least because we do not really know how the experience of consciousness originates. As a consequence, there has been much variation in how conscious versus unconscious processing have been defined and operationalized in past research. We believe Williams and Poehlman (WP) have made important progress here by restricting the definition of consciousness to awareness, highlighting its functions and distinguishing it from other features of automaticity. Second, even when researchers agree on a definition (e.g., "awareness"),...

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“…Importantly, the only test of the model fit does not constitute per se sufficient evidence for the validity of the parameters (Hütter & Klauer, 2016). In addition, one should test the construct validity of the parameters by demonstrating they capture the processes they are intended to.…”

Section: Co Nt I Ng E Nc Y a W A R En E S Smentioning

confidence: 99%

How associative is evaluative conditioning? An empirical investigation at the attitude acquisition and attitude change stages

Mierop¹

2019

Preprint

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This doctoral thesis examines the contribution of associative learning toevaluative conditioning effects (EC). Associative learning in attitude researchis assumed to involve the automatic formation of unqualified links betweenconditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimuli in memory. We addressed the« automaticity » assumption by examining the role of awareness in EC, and theefficiency of EC. The « unqualified » assumption was addressed by examiningthe reciprocity of US-to-CS and CS-to-US effects following CS-US pairings, andthe sensitivity of EC to a change in CS-US regularities. Results from multipleexperiments question both the automatic and unqualified EC assumptions.Therefore, this doctoral research challenges the view that associative learningprocesses play a role in EC and, more generally, the validity of dual-learningmodels of attitudes.

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Applying processing trees in social psychology

Cited by 87 publications

References 104 publications

A New Model for Acquiescence at the Interface of Psychometrics and Cognitive Psychology

A New Model for Acquiescence at the Interface of Psychometrics and Cognitive Psychology

How to Study Consciousness in Consumer Research, A Commentary on Williams and Poehlman

How associative is evaluative conditioning? An empirical investigation at the attitude acquisition and attitude change stages

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