Applying Persona Method for Describing Users of Escape Routes

Schäfer, Christina; Zinke, Robert; Künzer, Laura; Hofinger, Gesine; Koch, Rainer

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.106

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Drury and colleagues argue that crowd models need to pay attention to group identities [14,65]. Furthermore, cognitive psychologists are particularly interested in wayfinding and the perception of direction signs and announcements [7,18]. Sociology has addressed collective or crowd behavior in complex social settings such as political movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective phenomena in crowds—Where pedestrian dynamics need social psychology

2017

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This article is on collective phenomena in pedestrian dynamics during the assembling and dispersal of gatherings. To date pedestrian dynamics have been primarily studied in the natural and engineering sciences. Pedestrians are analyzed and modeled as driven particles revealing self-organizing phenomena and complex transport characteristics. However, pedestrians in crowds also behave as living beings according to stimulus-response mechanisms or act as human subjects on the basis of social norms, social identities or strategies. To show where pedestrian dynamics need social psychology in addition to the natural sciences we propose the application of three categories–phenomena, behavior and action. They permit a clear discrimination between situations in which minimal models from the natural sciences are appropriate and those in which sociological and psychological concepts are needed. To demonstrate the necessity of this framework, an experiment in which a large group of people (n = 270) enters a concert hall through two different spatial barrier structures is analyzed. These two structures correspond to everyday situations such as boarding trains and access to immigration desks. Methods from the natural and social sciences are applied. Firstly, physical measurements show the influence of the spatial structure on the dynamics of the entrance procedure. Density, waiting time and speed of progress show large variations. Secondly, a questionnaire study (n = 60) reveals how people perceive and evaluate these entrance situations. Markedly different expectations, social norms and strategies are associated with the two spatial structures. The results from the questionnaire study do not always conform to objective physical measures, indicating the limitations of models which are based on objective physical measures alone and which neglect subjective perspectives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective phenomena in crowds—Where pedestrian dynamics need social psychology

2017

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“…Many models do not take the above behaviours into account but instead use statistics. We believe the integration of a persona model [10], defining a scale of urges and preferences would lead to greater realism and widen the purview of pedestrian simulation tools.…”

Section: What Measures Can We Take To Simulate Correct Behaviour In Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap Why we need to enhance current simulation models

Angelika¹

2020

Coll Dyn

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Many models that simulate evacuations are state of the art and provide realistic insight to their users. However, simulating everyday situations, such as visitor flow through a museum or passenger flow through an airport, presents marked challenges; existing models reach their limit here. This contribution will introduce and highlight the gap between existing egress models and the difficulties found simulating, for instance, passenger flow or capacity analysis.

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“…Their appearance in real situations is characterised by individual requirement on special aids, equipment, personal help, or assistance in the given situations. In this study, we focus on the impact of presence of wheelchair users as representatives of a heterogeneity (persona (for details of applying a persona we kindly refer to [89]) ), because the subpopulation deals with a variation in individual space requirements and movement characteristics (e.g., inertia, amplitude of swaying, and viewing height). Wheelchair users are therefore a necessary simplification for the design of persona "participants with disability.…”

Section: Study Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Wheelchair Users on Movement in a Bottleneck and a Corridor

Geoerg

Schumann

Höll

et al. 2019

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Emergency exits as bottlenecks in escape routes are important for designing traffic facilities. Particularly, the capacity estimation is a crucial performance criterion for assessment of pedestrians’ safety in built environments. For this reason, several studies were performed during the last decades which focus on the quantification of movement through corridors and bottlenecks. These studies were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics to reduce influencing variables and for reasons of practicability. Studies which consider heterogeneous characteristics in performance parameters are rarely available. In response and to reduce this lack of data a series of well-controlled large-scale movement studies considering pedestrians using different types of wheelchairs was carried out. As a result it is shown that the empirical relations ρ¯(v¯) and Js¯(ρ¯) are strongly affected by the presence of participants with visible disabilities (such as wheelchair users). We observed an adaption of the overall movement speeds to the movement speeds of participants using a wheelchair, even for low densities and free flow scenarios. Flow and movement speed are in a complex relation and do not depend on density only. In our studies, the concept of specific flow fits for the nondisabled subpopulation but it is not valid for scenario considering wheelchair users in the population.

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Applying Persona Method for Describing Users of Escape Routes

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Collective phenomena in crowds—Where pedestrian dynamics need social psychology

Collective phenomena in crowds—Where pedestrian dynamics need social psychology

Bridging the gap Why we need to enhance current simulation models

The Influence of Wheelchair Users on Movement in a Bottleneck and a Corridor

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