Applying nitrogen fertilizer increased anthocyanin in vegetative shoots but not in grain of purple rice genotypes

Yamuangmorn, Supapohn; Dell, B.; Rerkasem, Benjavan; Prom‐u‐thai, Chanakan

doi:10.1002/jsfa.8978

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, the anthocyanin pro- As with anthocyanin in rice grains, the anthocyanins distributed in vegetative parts of purple rice plants depend on rice variety and plant part. The variation in total anthocyanin concentration has been evaluated among four local purple rice varieties (all varieties with purple coloration in nearly the whole plant) as ranging from 170 to 210 mg/100 g in leaf blades and from 67 to 100 mg/100 g in stem + leaf sheath; however, the concentrations declined with plant age across all four rice varieties [38]. In another variety that presented purple pigmentation in the leaf sheath, cyanidin-3-glucoside was identified using HPLC as the dominant anthocyanin (90%) at about 5.5 mg/100 g, while peonidin-3-glucoside was a minor component (10%) [87].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Anthocyanin In Vegetative Plant Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, regarding quality grade, there is currently not a significant gap indicating the difference in domestic market price, quality involves attractiveness as judged by customers. The color segregation is controlled by many factors during cultivation such as sunlight (quality and duration), day and night temperature, moisture content, rainfall, water conditions, and nutrient availability in the soil [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The shade and color uniformity of purple rice provide opportunities for competitive products in the health food market.…”

Section: Purple Rice’s Market and Trendmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yamuangmorn et al, 2018 reported that nitrogen fertilizer application increased anthocyanin in the leaf blade and stem + leaf sheath among four purple rice varieties. However, this did not significantly increase anthocyanin in the grain [ 38 ]. This illustrates that the biosynthesis pathway and accumulation mechanisms of anthocyanin could differ between the vegetative and reproductive organs; it would be interesting to investigate this point in future studies.…”

Section: Genotype × Environment Interactions Controlling Anthocyanin In Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of High-Anthocyanin Purple Rice as a Functional Ingredient in Human Health

Yamuangmorn

Prom‐u‐thai

2021

Antioxidants

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Purple rice is recognized as a source of natural anthocyanin compounds among health-conscious consumers who employ rice as their staple food. Anthocyanin is one of the major antioxidant compounds that protect against the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause cellular damage in plants and animals, including humans. The physiological role of anthocyanin in plants is not fully understood, but the benefits to human health are apparent against both chronic and non-chronic diseases. This review focuses on anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in the whole plant of purple rice, from cultivation to the processed end products. The anthocyanin content in purple rice varies due to many factors, including genotype, cultivation, and management as well as post-harvest processing. The cultivation method strongly influences anthocyanin content in rice plants; water conditions, light quantity and quality, and available nutrients in the soil are important factors, while the low stability of anthocyanins means that they can be dramatically degraded under high-temperature conditions. The application of purple rice anthocyanins has been developed in both functional food and other purposes. To maximize the benefits of purple rice to human health, understanding the factors influencing anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation during the entire process from cultivation to product development can be a path for success.

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Section: Occurrence Of Anthocyanin In Vegetative Plant Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Purple Rice’s Market and Trendmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genotype × Environment Interactions Controlling Anthocyanin In Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of High-Anthocyanin Purple Rice as a Functional Ingredient in Human Health

Yamuangmorn

Prom‐u‐thai

2021

Antioxidants

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“…This phenomenon was also observed in red cabbage by applying N at 120–160 kg/ha, depending on plant density [ 48 ]. In rice, it was reported that applying N at 120 kg/ha improved anthocyanin content in the leaves and stems of the purple rice genotypes, but not in grains [ 49 ]. Thus, grain anthocyanin accumulation response to N application differed among the purple genotypes, as found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Purple Rice Genotypes to Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield, Nitrogen, Zinc, and Anthocyanin Concentration

Fongfon

Prom‐u‐thai

Pusadee

et al. 2021

Plants

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Purple rice is recognized as a staple food for humans and as a source of anthocyanins and micronutrients such as zinc (Zn). This study examined how nitrogen (N) and Zn fertilizers affected grain yield and grain N, Zn, and anthocyanin concentration among purple rice genotypes. Six purple rice genotypes (PIZ, KAK, KS, KH-CMU, KDK, and HN) were grown under two levels of N, the optimum N60 (60 kg/ha) and high N180 (180 kg/ha) rates, along with three Zn application methods (no Zn application (Zn0), soil Zn application (ZnS; 50 kg ZnSO4/ha), and foliar Zn spray (ZnF; 0.5% ZnSO4 at the rate of 900 L/ha three times at heading, flowering, and early milk stages). Grain yield of the five purple rice landraces increased by 21–40% when increasing N from N60 to N180, although no response was found with HN. The higher N rate increased grain N concentration by 10–50% among the genotypes, while anthocyanin concentration increased by 100–110% in KAK and KS, and grain Zn was increased in KS. Applying ZnS increased grain yield by 16–94% but decreased anthocyanin and N concentrations compared to the control Zn0. Applying ZnF effectively increased grain Zn concentration by 40–140% in the genotypes without adversely impacting grain anthocyanin or N concentration. This study demonstrated that the appropriate management of N and Zn fertilizers for specific purple rice genotypes would be one way to increase productivity and grain N, Zn, and anthocyanin concentration.

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“…In contrast to the current study, low phosphorous (Ulrychová & Sosnová, 1970) and high salinity (Daiponmak, Theerakulpisut, Thanonkao, Vanavichit, & Prathepha, 2010;Mbarki et al, 2018) have also been found to upregulate anthocyanin levels in vegetative parts of plants as part of stress response. It is to be noted that anthocyanin (Liang & He, 2018) and antioxidant capacity are upregulated when nitrogen is applied to nitrogen-deficient soil (Yamuangmorn, Dell, Rerkasem, & Prom-u-thai, 2018). These findings indicate a synergistic effect, with the effect of temperature and rainfall accounting for majority of the variation in anthocyanin content.…”

Section: Total Anthocyanin Contentmentioning

confidence: 91%

Rice phenolic compounds and their response to variability in growing conditions

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives Phenolic compounds present in rice have substantial antioxidant activity, which has contributed to its potential as a functional food. However, a gap in knowledge exists on how phenolic compounds in rice respond to variation in growing conditions, and the subsequent impact on their antioxidant activity. The current study investigated wholegrain pigmented rice varieties Yunlu29 and Purple, and a nonpigmented variety, Reiziq cultivated in Queensland (QLD) and New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The Queensland location in Mackay had a tropical climate and loamy soil, while the NSW location in Yanco had a temperate climate with clay soil. Findings Pigmented rice, Yunlu29 and Purple cultivated in Mackay (QLD), exhibited significantly higher total phenolic contents and increased levels of anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin, and antioxidant activity in comparison with Yanco (NSW)‐grown samples. Phenolic compounds including procyanidins and anthocyanidins, cyanidin 3‐glucoside and peonidin 3‐glucoside, were significantly impacted by growing location when compared to other phenolic compounds. For some compounds like vanillic acid, luteolin 4'‐methyl ether 7‐(4G‐rhamnosylneohesperidoside), and proanthocyanidin derivative, the impact of the cultivation environment varied among the three rice varieties, highlighting the influence of both genetics and environment. Conclusions Cultivation location was found to have a significant impact on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. It was also observed that phenolic compounds affected by growing location conditions also significantly contributed to antioxidant activity. Significance and novelty These findings contribute to an understanding of how phenolic compounds respond to the variation in the cultivation environment in Australia, which is essential for breeding high‐value rice varieties with specific phenolic compositions.

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Applying nitrogen fertilizer increased anthocyanin in vegetative shoots but not in grain of purple rice genotypes

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

The Potential of High-Anthocyanin Purple Rice as a Functional Ingredient in Human Health

The Potential of High-Anthocyanin Purple Rice as a Functional Ingredient in Human Health

Responses of Purple Rice Genotypes to Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield, Nitrogen, Zinc, and Anthocyanin Concentration

Rice phenolic compounds and their response to variability in growing conditions

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