Applying latency to half of a self-avatar's body to change real walking patterns

Samaraweera, Gayani; Perdomo, Alex; Quarles, John

doi:10.1109/vr.2015.7223329

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Increased latency of 450 ms also negatively effects the ability to memorize objects in IVR [12]. Furthermore, Samaraweera et al [14] investigated the impact of additional latency applied either to the left or right side of the avatar. The researchers found significant differences between the control (with base latency of 45 ms) and experimental group (end-to-end latency of 200 ms).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of End-to-end Latency on User Experience and Performance in Immersive Virtual Reality Applications

Caserman¹,

Martinussen²,

Göbel³

2019

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Immersive virtual reality (IVR) offers an opportunity to immerse oneself into a virtual world and experience an exciting adventure. However, latency between a user's movement and visual feedback has a big impact on user experience and performance. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased end-to-end latency in IVR applications by conducting a user study. Firstly, in the searching task, we analyze cybersickness level based on simulator sickness questionnaire. Secondly, in the reaching task, we measure the user performance by tracking the time they need to reach a target and the error they make during the execution. Lastly, in the embodiment task, we measure the sense of body ownership, agency, presence, and latency perception when only one body side is impaired by latency. We apply the Friedman test with Conover's test of multiple comparisons as a post-hoc test on all dependent variables to find significant results. Results show that the end-to-end latency above 63 ms induces significant cybersickness symptoms. In addition, user performance decreases with increasing delay and with end-to-end latency above 69 ms, the users need significantly longer to complete the task. Results also show that end-to-end latency affects body ownership significant later, namely, not until 101 ms.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of End-to-end Latency on User Experience and Performance in Immersive Virtual Reality Applications

Caserman¹,

Martinussen²,

Göbel³

2019

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…Samaraweera et al [2013] showed in an experiment using a HMD that inducing a latency of 225 ms can change gait patterns. In another study they showed that latency as well as using a virtual mirror can alter gait behavior by adding 200 ms of delay to the system latency to one half of the participants' avatar [Samaraweera et al 2015].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we use a virtual mirror scenario with full-body motion capture, as is employed in many virtual reality experiments where monitoring the own movement of the full body is important [Gonzalez-Franco et al 2010;Lugrin et al 2015;de Kok et al 2015;Samaraweera et al 2015]. As our virtual environment we use a Cave Autonomous Virtual Environment (CAVE), which is our preferred environment in the context of motor learning in VR [Waltemate et al 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of latency on perceptual judgments and motor performance in closed-loop interaction in virtual reality

Waltemate

Senna²,

Hülsmann

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

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Figure 1: Left: The basic virtual mirror scenario consists of an empty room and a simplistic mirror avatar. Right: The extended scenario employed in the experiment, where the target movement is shown by a semi-transparent blue "ghost character". AbstractLatency between a user's movement and visual feedback is inevitable in every Virtual Reality application, as signal transmission and processing take time. Unfortunately, a high end-to-end latency impairs perception and motor performance. While it is possible to reduce feedback delay to tens of milliseconds, these delays will never completely vanish. Currently, there is a gap in literature regarding the impact of feedback delays on perception and motor performance as well as on their interplay in virtual environments employing full-body avatars. With the present study at hand, we address this gap by performing a systematic investigation of different levels of delay across a variety of perceptual and motor tasks during full-body action inside a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment. We presented participants with their virtual mirror image, which responded to their actions with feedback delays ranging from 45 to 350 ms. We measured the impact of these delays on motor performance, sense of agency, sense of body ownership and simultaneity perception by means of psychophysical procedures. Furthermore, we looked at interaction effects between these aspects to identify possible dependencies. The results show that motor performance and simultaneity perception are affected by latencies above 75 ms. Although sense of agency and body ownership only decline at a latency higher than 125 ms, and deteriorate for a latency greater than 300 ms, they do not break down completely even at the highest tested delay. Interestingly, participants perceptually infer the presence of delays more from their motor error in the task than from the actual level of delay. Whether or not participants notice a delay in a virtual environment might therefore depend on the motor task and their performance rather than on the actual delay.

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“…Fitts' Law is just one model of user motion -and readers should note that it is is user motion itself being modelled, rather than the underlying functions. For example, across two studies Samaraweera et al [187,186] showed how latency in visual feedback could manipulate gait.…”

Section: Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that while only two participants consciously perceived the latency, there was a significant effort on behalf of both populations to take a more cautious approach to walking with increasing latency. In another study Samaraweera et al [186] found that latency could significantly influence the gait of participants when it was applied asymmetrically, to only one side of an avatar seen in a self-facing mirror.…”

Section: One Of the Most Interesting Discoveries About This Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Latency Rendering With Dataflow Architectures

Friston

Foley²

2020

IEEE Comput. Grap. Appl.

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Applying latency to half of a self-avatar's body to change real walking patterns

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of End-to-end Latency on User Experience and Performance in Immersive Virtual Reality Applications

Effects of End-to-end Latency on User Experience and Performance in Immersive Virtual Reality Applications

The impact of latency on perceptual judgments and motor performance in closed-loop interaction in virtual reality

Low-Latency Rendering With Dataflow Architectures

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