Applying Inverse Probability Weighting to Measure Contraceptive
                    Prevalence Using Data from a Community-Based Reproductive Health Intervention in
                    Pakistan

Özçelik, Ece; Rohr, Julia; Hackett, Kristy; Shah, Iqbal; Canning, David

doi:10.1363/46e8520

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For a parent study, a sample size of 1836 (~2000) from each area intervention and control area was required assuming an estimated modern contraceptive prevalence rate of below 30% in selected areas, methodology has been described in detail elsewhere. 43 A three-stage random sampling design was carried out in STATA using a uniform (0, 1) random number generator with a fixed seed. First, we used geographical information systems technology to construct a sampling frame with distinct area and cluster demarcation of the survey sites, forming 708 clusters in total.…”

Section: Sample Size and Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of short birth intervals among married women: a cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2021

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IntroductionBirth spacing is a critical pathway to improving reproductive health. WHO recommends a minimum of 33-month interval between two consecutive births to reduce maternal, perinatal, infant morbidity and mortality. Our study evaluated factors associated with short birth intervals (SBIs) of less than 33 months between two consecutive births, in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional study among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) who had at least one live birth in the 6 years preceding the survey (N=2394). Information regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, fertility preferences, family planning history and a 6-year reproductive calendar were collected. To identify factors associated with SBIs, we fitted simple and multiple Cox proportional hazards models and computed HRs with their 95% CIs.ResultsThe median birth interval was 25 months (IQR: 14–39 months), with 22.9% (833) of births occurring within 33 months of the index birth. Women’s increasing age (25–30 years (aHR 0.63 (0.53 to 0.75), 30+ years (aHR 0.29, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.39) compared with 20-24 years; secondary education (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.88), intermediate education (aHR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.80), higher education (aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.92) compared with no education, and a male child of the index birth (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.94) reduced the likelihood of SBIs. Women’s younger age <20 years (aHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24) compared with 20–24 years, and those who did not use contraception within 9 months of the index birth had a higher likelihood for SBIs for succeeding birth compared with those who used contraception (aHR 2.23, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.58).ConclusionStudy shows that birth intervals in the study population are lower than the national average. To optimise birth intervals, programmes should target child spacing strategies and counsel MWRA on the benefits of optimal birth spacing, family planning services and contraceptive utilisation.

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Section: Sample Size and Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of short birth intervals among married women: a cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…16 Pakistan is committed to improve contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) so in a recent interventional study published in 2020, estimates made using Inverse probability weighting (IPW) showed that the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) was increased from 51% to 64%, while the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) increased from 34% to 53%. 17 Pakistan is facing high burden of abortion as well and practices related to abortion are poor too. There is under-reporting of abortions and usually indirect methods of exploring such events is better in estimating correct figures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraceptive and Abortion-Related Practices Among Females of Lower Income Group in District Lahore

Sheikh¹

2021

Proceedings S.Z.M.C

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Introduction: Reproductive age females in Pakistan are still having poor access to adequate contraceptive information and difficulty in decision making, resulting in abortions many times. Aims & Objectives: To identify contraceptive and abortion-related practice among married reproductive age females of lower income group in District Lahore. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted in 30 union councils (UCs) of District Lahore, Pakistan in 2011-2016. Material & Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 210 married females of reproductive age in 30 UCs of District Lahore. 30 UCs were randomly selected out of 150 followed by random selection of one village/ward which was considered as a cluster and 7 females were recruited through convenience sampling in each cluster. Data was collected on contraceptive use, preferences, decision making and abortion-related practice and their associations with socio-demographics of these females. Results: The survey was carried out among 210 females with mean age 29 ± 5.28. 97.6% were Muslims, 23.3% were illiterate and 96.2% were housewives. Per capita per month income was ? PKR 3000 in 99 % of the respondents. 20% females used contraception. 39% women were delivered by untrained birth attendants, 95.7% females breast fed and amongst them only 15.7% fed for two years. 33(15.7%) of respondents had 48 abortions and amongst them 27% got it done by a Dai while female neighbors did it in 4.2% cases so a total of 31.2 % abortions were conducted at home. Place of abortion and delivery was decided by husbands in 87.4% respondents. Lower age and age at marriage were found to be associated with higher contraceptive use and abortions (P<0.001). Conclusion: Contraceptive use is very low and abortion-related practices are poor. Respondent’s age and age at marriage are the determinants showing significant association with contraceptive use and abortion.

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Distance-quality trade-off and choice of family planning provider in urban Pakistan

Hussain

Nausheen

Rizvi

et al. 2022

International Health

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Background There is limited evidence between contraceptive use, availability of commodities and distance to the facility in developing countries. Distance to the facility is an essential determinant of contraceptive use. Still, women may not seek family planning services from the nearest facility and may be prepared to travel the farthest distance to receive quality family planning services. Methods We analyzed women's survey data linked to health facility data and applied an alternate specific conditional logit model to examine the distance a woman is prepared to travel and the quality of services offered by facilities in urban areas in Karachi, Pakistan. Results This study analyzed data from 336 women and 28 facilities and identified that the mean distance to the nearest facility was 0.44 km; the chosen facility was, on average, 5 km away. Women preferred facilities that offered a range of contraceptive methods and additional services provided by female healthcare providers only. Furthermore, on average, women are willing to travel a further 1.7 km for a facility that offers more family planning methods, 1.4 km for a facility that offers additional health services and 11 km for a facility that offers services delivered by female healthcare providers. Conclusions The findings highlight the quality measures women prioritize over distance and consider essential when choosing a family planning facility.

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Applying Inverse Probability Weighting to Measure Contraceptive Prevalence Using Data from a Community-Based Reproductive Health Intervention in Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Determinants of short birth intervals among married women: a cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan

Determinants of short birth intervals among married women: a cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan

Contraceptive and Abortion-Related Practices Among Females of Lower Income Group in District Lahore

Distance-quality trade-off and choice of family planning provider in urban Pakistan

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