Applying Bio-Slow Sand Filtration
for Water Treatment

Liu, Laisheng; Fu, Yicheng; Wei, Qingyong; Liu, Qiaomei; Wu, Leixiang; Wu, Jiapeng; Huo, Weijie

doi:10.15244/pjoes/89544

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Expectedly, the efficiency of both filters considered moderate which partly agree with findings of similar study [50]. As a matter of fact the removal of heavy metals is commonly below 80% [51] and HSSF is not recommended for removal of industrial chemicals such as Zn, Cr,…etc., rather it is best for removal of pathogenic microorganisms [19]. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) Dendrogram (Fig.…”

Section: Chemical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

Two Models of Household Sand Filters for Small Scale Water Purification

Mohammed¹,

Solumon²

2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Access to sufficient quantities of safe water is not just a public health issue but also a human right. Water pollution causes millions of deaths and illnesses every year. To solve the issue of water pollution at household levels and during emergencies, slow sand filters are suggested as good choices. This study aimed at designing small scale Household Slow Sand Filter (HSSF) with locally available materials. This experimental study was conducted under ambient weather conditions to test efficiency of two proposed filters in removing pollutants from source water. Natural water samples were collected from the Blue Nile, and the White Nile. The two filters were first cleaned up followed by a ripening period of two weeks to allow formation of the Schmutzdecke (the biological layer). Data were subjected to Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The current research revealed that, both filters were highly efficient in removing E.coli and total coliform. The average log 10 removal of total Coliforms and E Coli for the first filter ranged between 1.9 log and 1.7 log compared to a range of 1.1 log to 1.2 log for the second filter. The association of log 10 total coliforms with turbidity and TSS has drastically changed after filtration. Overall, the best performance of filter 1 was reported for removal of bacteria, turbidity, iron (Fe), TSS, K and NO 2 , and Zn, respectively, versus NO 2 , Fe and Zn for filter 2, in the same order. The trend of ions removal assumed to be affected by both mineralization and oxidation which further supported by HCA results and it was differ than the pattern of heavy metals removal that was generally moderate not exceeded 65%. All soluble ions after filtration did not exceeded WHO guideline limits. The first proposed filter suggested to be efficient that need to be confirmed by further studies.

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Section: Chemical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

Two Models of Household Sand Filters for Small Scale Water Purification

Mohammed¹,

Solumon²

2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…In the BSF case, specific conditions as the maintenance of bacteria community may be an indication of bacteria selectivity after consecutive backwashing, which could also lead to a faster ripening, favouring the removal of target contaminants (Flemming et al, 2016;Ikhlef and Basu, 2017). Other studies have reported the importance of bacterial degradation on SSF for removal of target contaminants such as organic compounds and nutrients, and the selectivity of specific bacteria due to these contaminants over operational time or treatment process (Aslan and Cakici, 2007;D'Alessio et al, 2015;Li et al, 2018Li et al, , 2017Liu et al, 2019;Miltner et al, 1995;Summers, 2014;Zearley and Summers, 2012).…”

Section: Biomass Considerations Regarding Bsf Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of slow sand filter cleaning process type on filter media biomass: backwashing versus scraping

et al. 2021

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“…Proses biologis lebih optimal pada SSF, didukung kecepatan aliran lebih lambat (< 0,5 m/jam) dan waktu filtrasi lebih lama (1-6 bulan) sehingga aktivitas biologis lebih optimal [26] . Penyisihan utama SSF dengan lapisan schmutzdecke yang terdiri dari mikroorganisme hidup atau mati berupa bakteri, alga dan protozoa [27]. Aktivitas biologis mengurai senyawa organik dan partikel inert tersuspensi disaring secara fisik.…”

Section: ) Proses Biologisunclassified

Kajian Penyisihan Amonia dalam Pengolahan Air Minum Konvensional

Hamonangan¹,

Yuniarto²

2022

JTITS

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Print) F35 Abstrak-Kebutuhan air minum dipenuhi dengan pengolahan air minum menggunakan air baku berupa air permukaan dan air tanah. Salah satu pencemar utama air baku adalah amonia, yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah, baik bagi kehidupan perairan, kesehatan manusia, dan kinerja pengolahan air minum. Terdapat 5 teknologi pengolahan air yang dapat menyisihkan amonia secara efektif, yaitu: (1) proses biologis, (2) breakpoint chlorination (BPC), (3) filtrasi membran reverse osmosis (RO), (4) proses ion exchange (IE), dan (5) proses air stripping. Proses biologis dan BPC dinilai sebagai 2 teknologi paling efisien dalam penyisihan amonia dengan keefektifannya relatif tinggi dan biaya relatif murah. Proses RO dan IE dapat menyisihkan amonia dalam bentuk amonium secara efektif, tetapi butuh biaya lebih tinggi. Penyisihan amonia dengan proses air stripping efektif pada konsentrasi tinggi yang tidak ditemukan pada air baku. Penyisihan amonia pada pengolahan air minum konvensional dinilai tidak efektif. Koagulan bermuatan positif tidak bereaksi dengan amonia berbentuk amonium dan unit filtrasi konvensional dengan media inert utamanya menyisihkan partikel tersuspensi. Klorin dan ozon adalah 2 desinfektan yang dapat menyisihkan amonia, tetapi ozon bersifat tidak stabil sehingga jarang digunakan. Klorin dapat menyisihkan amonia secara efektif, tetapi dosis klorin berlebihan dapat membentuk produk sampingan desinfeksi yang berbahaya.

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Applying Bio-Slow Sand Filtration for Water Treatment

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Two Models of Household Sand Filters for Small Scale Water Purification

Two Models of Household Sand Filters for Small Scale Water Purification

Influence of slow sand filter cleaning process type on filter media biomass: backwashing versus scraping

Kajian Penyisihan Amonia dalam Pengolahan Air Minum Konvensional

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