Applying a statewide geospatial leaching tool for assessing soil vulnerability ratings for agrochemicals across the contiguous United States

Ki, Seo Jin; Ray, Chittaranjan; Hantush, Mohamed M.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.009

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The general ranking revealed that four pesticides showed average high leaching potential in the Jazan watershed, ranked from highest to lowest as: Picloram > Carbofuran > Monocrotophos > 2,4-D. The large leaching potential of Picloram is related to its small K OC and relatively large t 1/2 values, and has been reported by several previous researches [9,11,15]. Six more pesticides showed average medium leaching potential, ranked from highest to lowest as: Atrazine > Aldicarb > Simazine > Methomyl > Oxamyl > Lindane.…”

Section: General Ranking Of Leaching Potentialsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The areal extent of areas with larger leaching potential was consistent with soil locations that had lower f oc content. Larger f oc content increases immobilization, and possible degradation, of pesticides [37], which decreases the potential for pesticide leaching [11].…”

Section: Leaching Risk Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A widely used example of such models is the attenuation factor (AF) index proposed by Rao et al [9]. The AF model accounts for the impact of soil characteristics, pesticide properties, and climatic conditions on the leaching potential of pesticides in soil [10][11][12]. Assessment of the vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide leaching using index models can help to identify pesticides that pose larger threat to groundwater contamination [13], and to locate regions more susceptible to increased leaching potential because of its soil properties [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…De Paz and Rubio [12] used the AF index model and GIS to map the potential risk of leaching of eight herbicides applied in a citrus-growing area of 33,800 ha in Spain. The AF index model was used to generate a geospatial database, compiled in GIS, of leaching risk of pesticides, and to draw soil vulnerability maps of pesticides leaching across the contiguous United States [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assumption that volatile pesticides will not reach groundwater, especially with relatively low recharge rates, is not true since preferential pathways in highly structured soils may facilitate faster transport of VOCs to groundwater [18]. Several studies have reported the occurrence of VOCs in groundwater [11,19,20]. In Jazan region, Al-Hatim et al [5] found that out of the 16 pesticides that were detected in groundwater samples, eight were determined to be VOCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Environmental Risk of Pesticides Leaching at the Watershed Scale under Arid Climatic Conditions and Low Recharge Rates

Ibrahim

Al-Turki

2020

Water

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The assessment of the vulnerability of soil and groundwater resources to pesticide contamination is important to reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The applicability of the expanded attenuation factor (EAF) to assess leaching potential of 30 pesticides was investigated under four recharge rates (0.0003–0.002 m d−1) in the arid environment of the Jazan watershed. EAF results revealed that Picloram, Carbofuran, Monocrotophos, and 2,4-D pesticides showed high leaching potential, mainly because of their low K O C , and relatively longer t 1 / 2 . In addition, medium leaching potential was observed with six more pesticides (Atrazine, Aldicarb, Simazine, Methomyl, Oxamyl, and Lindane). Regardless of the recharge rate, all other pesticides showed a very low leaching potential in the Jazan watershed. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the output of the EAF index is most sensitive to the fraction of organic carbon ( f o c ) , water content at field capacity ( θ F C ) , recharge rate ( q ) , and partition coefficient ( K O C ) , and least sensitive to soil bulk density ( ρ b ) and air-filled porosity ( n a ). The areal extent of areas with larger leaching potential in the Jazan watershed was consistent with soils having f o c < 0.3, θ F C > 10 m3 m−3, and ρ b < 1450 kg m−3, and were mostly associated with the loamy sand soils, followed by the sand and silt loam soils. EAF index model performed well in assessing relative rankings of leaching potential and delineating areas that are more susceptible to pesticide leaching. At the lowest recharge rate, general risk maps showed that the risk of leaching potential was very low for all pesticides in the entire area of the Jazan watershed. On the other hand, under the worst case scenario (0.002 m d−1), only Picloram and Carbofuran showed very high leaching potential in areas that represented 10.8 and 8.2% from the total area of the Jazan watershed, respectively. The information gained from this research can help farmers and decision-makers to implement regulations and best management practices to reduce the risk of environmental pollution, and protect soil and groundwater resources in Jazan watershed.

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Section: General Ranking Of Leaching Potentialsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Leaching Risk Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%